JEL sınıflandırma kodları
| Ekonomi |
 |
Bölgelere göre ekonomi |
| Ana hatlar |
|---|
| Genel sınıflandırma |
| Mikroekonomi · Makroekonomi |
| Teknikler |
|
Matematiksel ·
Ekonometri
|
| Dalları ve alt dalları |
|
Davranışsal · Kültürel · Çevresel |
| Listeler |
|
Kategoriler · Başlıklar · Ekonomistler |
|
Ekonomi İdeolojileri Anarşizm · Kapitalizm |
Ekonomi alanındaki başlıklar Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) denilen bir makale sınıflandırma sistemiyle sınıflandırılırlar. On dokuz ana kategori bulunmaktadır ve her biri alt kategorilerine ayrılmıştır.
Başlıca kodlar şunlardır:
- JEL: A - Genel ekonomi and Çalışmalar
- JEL: B - İktisadi Düşünce Okulları ve
- JEL: C - Matematiksel ve kantitatif metotlar
- JEL: D - Mikroekonomi
- JEL: E - Makroekonomi ve Monetarizm
- JEL: F - Uluslararası ekonomi
- JEL: G - Finansal ekonomi
- JEL: H - Kamu ekonomisi
- JEL: I - Sağlık, Eğitim, and Refah ekonomisi
- JEL: J - Çalışma
- JEL: K - Hukuk ve ekonomi
- JEL: L - Endüstriyel organizasyon
- JEL: M - İşletme Yönetimi and İşletme Ekonomisi; Pazarlama; Muhasebe
- JEL: N - Ekonomi tarihi
- JEL: O - İktisadi Kalkınma, Teknolojik Değişim ve Büyüme
- JEL: P - Ekonomik sistemler
- JEL: Q - Tarım Ekonomisi, Doğal Kaynak Ekonomisi, Çevresel Ekonomi ve Ekolojik Ekonomi
- JEL: R - Kent, Kırsal, ve Bölgesel
- JEL: Y - Çeşitli kategoriler
- JEL: Z - Diğer özel başlıklar
Genel ekonomi ve çalışmalar JEL: A Alt kategoriler
Kategori:Genel ekonomi
JEL: A1 - Genel ekonomi
- JEL: A10 - Genel
- JEL: A11 - Ekonominin rolü, Ekonomistlerin rolü, Economistler için piyasa
- JEL: A12 - Ekonominin Diğer Disiplinlerle İlişkisi
- JEL: A13 - Sosyal değerlerle ekonominin ilişkisi
- JEL: A14 - Sociology of Economics
- JEL: A19 - Diğer
JEL: A2 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics
- JEL: A20 - Genel
- JEL: A21 - Pre-college
- JEL: A22 - Undergraduate
- JEL: A23 - Graduate
- JEL: A29 - Diğer
JEL: A3 - Multisubject Collective Works
- JEL: A30 - Genel
- JEL: A31 - Multisubject Collected Writings of Individuals
- JEL: A32 - Multisubject Volumes
- JEL: A39 - Diğer
Ekonomik düşünce okulları ve metodoloji JEL: B Alt kategoriler
Kategori:Schools of economic thought and methodology
JEL: B0 - Genel
- JEL: B00 - Genel
JEL: B1 - Ekonomik düşünce tarihi through 1925
- JEL: B10 - Genel
- JEL: B11 - Klasik öncesi
- JEL: B12 - Klasik
- JEL: B13 - Yeni Klasik düşünce 1925
- JEL: B14 - Socialist; Marksist
- JEL: B15 - Historical; Institutional
- JEL: B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
- JEL: B19 - Diğer
JEL: B2 - Ekonomik düşünce tarihi 1925'den beri
JEL: B3 - Düşünce tarihi: Kişiler
- JEL: B30 - Genel
- JEL: B31 - Kişiler
- JEL: B32 - Obituaries
JEL: B4 - Ekonomik Metodloji
- JEL: B40 - Genel
- JEL: B41 - Ekonomik metodoloji
- JEL: B49 - Diğer
JEL: B5 - Mevcut Heterodoks yaklaşımlar
Matematiksel ve Kantitatif metotlar JEL: C Alt kategoriler
Kategori:Matematiksel ve kantitatif metotlar (ekonomi)
JEL: C0 - Genel
- JEL: C00 - Genel
- JEL: C01 - Ekonometri
- JEL: C02 - Matematiksel metotlar
JEL: C1 - Ekonometri ve İstatistiksel metotlar: Genel
- JEL: C10 - Genel
- JEL: C11 - Bayesian analiz
- JEL: C12 - Hipotez testleri
- JEL: C13 - Tahmin Teorisi
- JEL: C14 - Yarı parametrik and Nonparametrik metotlar
- JEL: C15 - İstatistiksel Simulasyon metotları
- JEL: C16 - İstatistiksel dağılımlar
- JEL: C16 - Özel dağılımlar
- JEL: C19 - Diğer
JEL: C2 - Econometric methods: Single equation models;Single variables
- JEL: C20 - Genel
- JEL: C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial models; Treatment effect models
- JEL: C22 - Time-Series Models
- JEL: C23 - Panel data
- JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models
- JEL: C25 - Discrete regression; Qualitative choice models
- JEL: C29 - Diğer
JEL: C3 - Econometric Methods: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models
- JEL: C30 - Genel
- JEL: C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment effect models
- JEL: C32 - Time-Series Models
- JEL: C33 - Models with Panel data
- JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models
- JEL: C35 - Discrete regression and Qualitative choice models
- JEL: C39 - Diğer
JEL: C4 - Ekonometrik ve istatistiksel metodlar: Özel başlıklar
- JEL: C40 - Genel
- JEL: C41 - Duration analysis
- JEL: C42 - Survey methods
- JEL: C43 - Index numbers Aggregation
- JEL: C44 - Statistical decision theory; Operations research
- JEL: C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
- JEL: C46 - Specific Distributions
- JEL: C49 - Diğer
JEL: C5 - Ekonometrik Modelleme
- JEL: C50 - Genel
- JEL: C51 - Model belirleme ve tahmin
- JEL: C52 - Model evaluation and testing
- JEL: C53 - Forecasting and Diğer Model Uygulamaları
- JEL: C59 - Diğer
JEL: C6 - Matematiksel Ekonomi ve Programlama
- JEL: C60 - Genel
- JEL: C61 - Optimizasyon teknikleri; Programlama modelleri; Dinamik analiz
- JEL: C62 - Existence and stability conditions of equilibrium
- JEL: C63 - Computational techniques
- JEL: C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
- JEL: C67 - Input–output models
- JEL: C68 - Computable Genel Equilibrium models
- JEL: C69 - Diğer
JEL: C7 - Game theory and Bargaining theory
- JEL: C70 - Genel
- JEL: C71 - Cooperative games
- JEL: C72 - Noncooperative games
- JEL: C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic games; Evolutionary games; Repeated Games
- JEL: C78 - Bargaining theory; Matching theory
- JEL: C79 - Diğer
JEL: C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
- JEL: C80 - Genel
- JEL: C81 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing microeconomic data
- JEL: C82 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing macroeconomic data
- JEL: C87 - Econometric software
- JEL: C88 - Diğer Computer Software
- JEL: C89 - Diğer
JEL: C9 - Deneysel Ekonomi
- JEL: C90 - Genel
- JEL: C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
- JEL: C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
- JEL: C93 - Field experiments
- JEL: C99 - Diğer
Mikroekonomi JEL: D Alt kategoriler
JEL: D0 - Genel
- JEL: D00 - Genel
- JEL: D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
- JEL: D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations
JEL: D1 - Hanehalkı Davranışları ve Ev Ekonomisi
- JEL: D10 - Genel
- JEL: D11 - Tüketici Teorisi
- JEL: D12 - Consumer economics: empirical analysis
- JEL: D13 - Household production and Intrahousehold allocation
- JEL: D14 - Personal finance
- JEL: D18 - Consumer protection
- JEL: D19 - Diğer
JEL: D2 - Üretim ve Organizasyon
- JEL: D20 - Genel
- JEL: D21 - Firma davranışları
- JEL: D23 - Organizational behavior; Transaction Costs; Property rights
- JEL: D24 - Production; Capital and Total factor productivity; Capacity
- JEL: D29 - Diğer
JEL: D3 - Distribution
- JEL: D30 - Genel
- JEL: D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
- JEL: D33 - Factor Income Distribution
- JEL: D39 - Diğer
JEL: D4 - Piyasa Yapısı ve Fiyatlama
JEL: D5 - Genel equilibrium and Disequilibrium
- JEL: D50 - Genel
- JEL: D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
- JEL: D52 - Incomplete Markets
- JEL: D57 - Input–Output Tables and Analysis
- JEL: D58 - Computable and Diğer Applied Genel Equilibrium Models
- JEL: D59 - Diğer
JEL: D6 - Refah Ekonomisi
- JEL: D60 - Genel
- JEL: D61 - Allocative efficiency; Cost-benefit analysis
- JEL: D62 - Externalities
- JEL: D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Diğer Normative Criteria and Measurement
- JEL: D64 - Altruism
- JEL: D69 - Diğer
JEL: D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
- JEL: D70 - Genel
- JEL: D71 - Social choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
- JEL: D72 - Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
- JEL: D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
- JEL: D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
- JEL: D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
- JEL: D79 - Diğer
JEL: D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
- JEL: D80 - Genel
- JEL D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
- JEL: D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information
- JEL: D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge
- JEL: D84 - Expectations; Speculation
- JEL: D85 - Network Formation
- JEL: D86 - Economics of contract law
- JEL: D89 - Diğer
JEL: D9 - Intertemporal choice and Growth
- JEL: D90 - Genel
- JEL: D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life cycle models and Saving
- JEL: D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing
- JEL: D99 - Diğer
Makroekonomicroeconomics and monetary economics JEL: E Subcategories
JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
Kategori:Macroeconomics and monetary economics
JEL: E0 - Genel
- JEL: E00 - Genel
- JEL: E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth
- JEL: E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
JEL: E1 - Genel Aggregative Models
- JEL: E10 - Genel
- JEL: E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
- JEL: E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
- JEL: E13 - Neoclassical
- JEL: E17 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: E19 - Diğer
JEL: E2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
- JEL: E20 - Genel
- JEL: E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
- JEL: E22 - Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity
- JEL: E23 - Production
- JEL: E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital
- JEL: E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
- JEL: E26 - Informal economy; Underground Economy
- JEL: E27 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: E29 - Diğer
JEL: E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
- JEL: E30 - Genel
- JEL: E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
- JEL: E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
- JEL: E37 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: E39 - Diğer
JEL: E4 - Money and Interest Rates
- JEL: E40 - Genel
- JEL: E41 - Demand for Money
- JEL: E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
- JEL: E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
- JEL: E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
- JEL: E47 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: E49 - Diğer
JEL: E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
- JEL: E50 - Genel
- JEL: E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money multipliers
- JEL: E52 - Monetary Policy
- JEL: E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
- JEL: E59 - Diğer
JEL: E6 - Macroeconomic Policy Formation, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and Genel Outlook
- JEL: E60 - Genel
- JEL: E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
- JEL: E62 - Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation
- JEL: E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization
- JEL: E64 - Incomes policy; Price policy
- JEL: E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
- JEL: E66 - Genel Outlook and Conditions
- JEL: E69 - Diğer
International economics JEL: F Subcategories
JEL: F - International Economics
Kategori:International economics
JEL: F0 - Genel
- JEL: F00 - Genel
- JEL: F01 - Global Outlook
- JEL: F02 - International Economic Order; Noneconomic International Organizations •Economic Integration and Globalization: Genel
JEL: F1 - Trade
- JEL: F10 - Genel
- JEL: F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
- JEL: F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
- JEL: F13 - Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations; International Organizations
- JEL: F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade
- JEL: F15 - Economic Integration
- JEL: F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
- JEL: F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: F18 - Trade and Environment
- JEL: F19 - Diğer
JEL: F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
- JEL: F20 - Genel
- JEL: F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
- JEL: F22 - International Migration
- JEL: F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
- JEL: F29 - Diğer
JEL: F3 - International Finance
- JEL: F30 - Genel
- JEL: F31 - Foreign Exchange
- JEL: F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
- JEL: F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
- JEL: F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
- JEL: F35 - Foreign aid
- JEL: F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
- JEL: F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: F39 - Diğer
JEL: F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
- JEL: F40 - Genel
- JEL: F41 - Open economy macroeconomics
- JEL: F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
- JEL: F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
- JEL: F47 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: F49 - Diğer
Financial economics JEL: G Subcategories
JEL: G - Financial Economics
Kategori:Financial economics
JEL: G0 - Genel
- JEL: G00 - Genel
- JEL: G01 - Financial Crises
JEL: G1 - Genel Financial Markets
- JEL: G10 - Genel
- JEL: G11 - Portfolio choice; Investment decisions
- JEL: G12 - Asset pricing; Trading volume; Bond interest rates
- JEL: G13 - Contingent pricing; Futures Pricing
- JEL: G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
- JEL: G15 - International financial markets
- JEL: G17 - Financial Forecasting
- JEL: G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL: G19 - Diğer
JEL: G2 - Financial institutions and Services
- JEL: G20 - Genel
- JEL: G21 - Banks; Diğer Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
- JEL: G22 - Insurance; Insurance companies
- JEL: G23 - Pension funds; Diğer Private Financial Institutions
- JEL: G24 - Investment banking; Venture capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
- JEL: G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL: G29 - Diğer
JEL: G3 - Corporate finance and Governance
- JEL: G30 - Genel
- JEL: G31 - Capital budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
- JEL: G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure
- JEL: G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
- JEL: G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate governance
- JEL: G35 - Payout Policy
- JEL: G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL: G39 - Diğer
Public economics JEL: H Subcategories
JEL: H - Public Economics
Kategori:Public economics
JEL: H0 - Genel
- JEL: H00 - Genel
JEL: H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
- JEL: H10 - Genel
- JEL: H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
- JEL: H19 - Diğer
JEL: H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- JEL: H20 - Genel
- JEL: H21 - Efficiency; Optimal taxation
- JEL: H22 - Incidence
- JEL: H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental taxes and Subsidies
- JEL: H24 - Personal Income and Diğer Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
- JEL: H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
- JEL: H26 - Tax Evasion
- JEL: H27 - Diğer Sources of Revenue
- JEL: H29 - Diğer
JEL: H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
- JEL: H30 - Genel
- JEL: H31 - Household
- JEL: H32 - Firm
- JEL: H39 - Diğer
JEL: H4 - Publicly provided goods
- JEL: H40 - Genel
- JEL: H41 - Public goods
- JEL: H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
- JEL: H43 - Project evaluation; Social discount rate
- JEL: H49 - Diğer
JEL: H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
- JEL: H50 - Genel
- JEL: H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
- JEL: H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
- JEL: H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
- JEL: H54 - Infrastructures; Diğer Public Investment and Capital Stock
- JEL: H55 - Social security and Public Pensions
- JEL: H56 - National Security and War
- JEL: H57 - Procurement
- JEL: H59 - Diğer
JEL: H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
- JEL: H60 - Genel
- JEL: H61 - Budget; Budget Systems
- JEL: H62 - Deficit; Surplus
- JEL: H63 - Debt; Debt Management
- JEL: H69 - Diğer
JEL: H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
- JEL: H70 - Genel
- JEL: H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- JEL: H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
- JEL: H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
- JEL: H74 - State and Local Borrowing
- JEL: H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
- JEL: H79 - Diğer
JEL: H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
- JEL: H80 - Genel
- JEL: H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Credits
- JEL: H82 - Governmental Property
- JEL: H83 - Public administration
- JEL: H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
- JEL: H89 - Diğer
Health, education, and welfare JEL: I Subcategories
JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare
Kategori:Health, education, and welfare economics
JEL: I0 - Genel
- JEL: I00 - Genel
JEL: I1 - Health
- JEL: I10 - Genel
- JEL: I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
- JEL: I12 - Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Substance Abuse and Addiction, Disability, and Economic Behavior
- JEL: I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public health
- JEL: I19 - Diğer
JEL: I2 - Education
- JEL: I20 - Genel
- JEL: I21 - Analysis of Education
- JEL: I22 - Educational finance
- JEL: I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions
- JEL: I28 - Government Policy
- JEL: I29 - Diğer
JEL: I3 - Welfare and Poverty
- JEL: I30 - Genel
- JEL: I31 - Genel Welfare; Basic needs; Living standards; Quality of life; Happiness
- JEL: I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
- JEL: I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
- JEL: I39 - Diğer
Labor and demographic economics JEL: J Subcategories
JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics
Kategori:Labor and demographic economics
Kategori:Labor
Kategori:Demographic economics
JEL: J0 - Genel
- JEL: J00 - Genel
JEL: J1 - Demographic Economics
- JEL: J10 - Genel
- JEL: J11 - Demographic Trends and Forecasts
- JEL: J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
- JEL: J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
- JEL: J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped
- JEL: J15 - Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination
- JEL: J16 - Economics of gender; Non-labor Discrimination
- JEL: J17 - Value of life; Foregone Income
- JEL: J18 - Public Policy
- JEL: J19 - Diğer
JEL: J2 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination and Creation; Human capital
- JEL: J20 - Genel
- JEL: J21 - Labor force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- JEL: J22 - Time allocation and Labor supply
- JEL: J23 - Employment Determination; Job creation; Demand for labor; Self-employment
- JEL: J24 - Human capital; Skills; Occupational choice; Labor productivity
- JEL: J26 - Retirement; Retirement policies
- JEL: J28 - Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
- JEL: J29 - Diğer
JEL: J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
- JEL: J30 - Genel
- JEL: J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc.
- JEL: J32 - Nonwage labor costs and Benefits; Private pensions
- JEL: J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
- JEL: J38 - Public Policy
- JEL: J39 - Diğer
JEL: J4 - Particular Labor Markets
- JEL: J40 - Genel
- JEL: J41 - Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching models, Efficiency wage Models, and Internal labor markets
- JEL: J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
- JEL: J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
- JEL: J44 - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations
- JEL: J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
- JEL: J48 - Public Policy
- JEL: J49 - Diğer
JEL: J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
- JEL: J50 - Genel
- JEL: J51 - Trade unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
- JEL: J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective bargaining
- JEL: J53 - Labor–management relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
- JEL: J54 - Producer cooperatives; Labor managed firms
- JEL: J58 - Public Policy
- JEL: J59 - Diğer
JEL: J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies
- JEL: J60 - Genel
- JEL: J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
- JEL: J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational mobility
- JEL: J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
- JEL: J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
- JEL: J65 - Unemployment insurance; Severance pay; Plant closings
- JEL: J68 - Public Policy
- JEL: J69 - Diğer
JEL: J7 - Labor Discrimination
- JEL: J70 - Genel
- JEL: J71 - Discrimination
- JEL: J78 - Public Policy
- JEL: J79 - Diğer
JEL: J8 - Labor Standards: National and International
- JEL: J80 - Genel
- JEL: J81 - Working conditions
- JEL: J82 - Labor Force Composition
- JEL: J83 - Workers' Rights
- JEL: J88 - Public Policy
- JEL: J89 - Diğer
Law and economics JEL: K Subcategories
JEL: K - Law and Economics
Kategori:Law and economics
JEL: K0 - Genel
- JEL: K00 - Genel
JEL: K1 - Basic Areas of Law
- JEL: K10 - Genel
- JEL: K11 - Property Law
- JEL: K12 - Contract Law
- JEL: K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability
- JEL: K14 - Criminal Law
- JEL: K19 - Diğer
JEL: K2 - Regulation and Business Law
- JEL: K20 - Genel
- JEL: K21 - Antitrust Law
- JEL: K22 - Corporation and Securities Law
- JEL: K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
- JEL: K29 - Diğer
JEL: K3 - Diğer Substantive Areas of Law
- JEL: K30 - Genel
- JEL: K31 - Labor Law
- JEL: K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
- JEL: K33 - International Law
- JEL: K34 - Tax Law
- JEL: K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
- JEL: K39 - Diğer
JEL: K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
- JEL: K40 - Genel
- JEL: K41 - Litigation Process
- JEL: K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
- JEL: K49 - Diğer
Industrial organization JEL: L Subcategories
Kategori:Industrial organization
JEL: L - Industrial Organization
JEL: L0 - Genel
- JEL: L00 - Genel
JEL: L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
- JEL: L10 - Genel
- JEL: L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
- JEL: L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
- JEL: L13 - Oligopoly and Diğer Imperfect Markets
- JEL: L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
- JEL: L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
- JEL: L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure; Industrial Price Indices
- JEL: L19 - Diğer
JEL: L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
- JEL: L20 - Genel
- JEL: L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
- JEL: L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical integration; Conglomerates
- JEL: L23 - Organization of Production
- JEL: L24 - Contracting out; Joint ventures
- JEL: L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Age, Profit, and Sales
- JEL: L29 - Diğer
JEL: L3 - Kategori:Non-profit organizations and Kategori:Public enterprise
- JEL: L30 - Genel
- JEL: L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
- JEL: L32 - Public enterprises
- JEL: L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting out
- JEL: L39 - Diğer
JEL: L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies
- JEL: L40 - Genel
- JEL: L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
- JEL: L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
- JEL: L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
- JEL: L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
- JEL: L49 - Diğer
JEL: L5 - Regulation and Kategori:Industrial policy
- JEL: L50 - Genel
- JEL: L51 - Economics of Regulation
- JEL: L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
- JEL: L53 - Government Promotion of Firms
- JEL: L59 - Diğer
JEL: L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
- JEL: L60 - Genel
- JEL: L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
- JEL: L62 - Automobiles; Diğer Transportation Equipment
- JEL: L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
- JEL: L64 - Diğer Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
- JEL: L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
- JEL: L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
- JEL: L67 - Diğer Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
- JEL: L68 - Appliances; Diğer Consumer Durables
- JEL: L69 - Diğer
JEL: L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
- JEL: L70 - Genel
- JEL: L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
- JEL: L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Diğer Nonrenewable Resources
- JEL: L73 - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper
- JEL: L74 - Construction
- JEL: L78 - Government Policy
- JEL: L79 - Diğer
JEL: L8 - Industry Studies: Services
- JEL: L80 - Genel
- JEL: L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce
- JEL: L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)
- JEL: L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
- JEL: L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
- JEL: L85 - Real Estate Services
- JEL: L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
- JEL: L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
- JEL: L88 - Government Policy
- JEL: L89 - Diğer
JEL: L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
- JEL: L90 - Genel
- JEL: L91 - Transportation: Genel
- JEL: L92 - Railroads and Diğer Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers; Ports
- JEL: L93 - Air Transportation
- JEL: L94 - Electric Utilities
- JEL: L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
- JEL: L96 - Telecommunications
- JEL: L97 - Utilities: Genel
- JEL: L98 - Government Policy
- JEL: L99 - Diğer
Business administration and business economics; marketing; accounting JEL: M Subcategories
JEL: M - Business administration and business economics; marketing; accounting
Kategori:Business economics
JEL: M0 - Genel
- JEL: M00 - Genel
JEL: M1 - Business Administration
- JEL: M10 - Genel
- JEL: M11 - Production Management
- JEL: M12 - Personnel Management
- JEL: M13 - Entrepreneurship
- JEL: M14 - Corporate culture; Social Responsibility
- JEL: M19 - Diğer
JEL: M2 - Business Economics
- JEL: M20 - Genel
- JEL: M21 - Business economics
- JEL: M29 - Diğer
JEL: M3 - Marketing and Advertising
- JEL: M30 - Genel
- JEL: M31 - Marketing
- JEL: M37 - Advertising
- JEL: M39 - Diğer
JEL: M4 - Accounting and Auditing
- JEL: M40 - Genel
- JEL: M41 - Accounting scholarship
- JEL: M42 - Auditing
- JEL: M49 - Diğer
JEL: M5 - Personnel economics
- JEL: M50 - Genel
- JEL: M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time, temporary workers, seniority issues)
- JEL: M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues)
- JEL: M53 - Training
- JEL: M54 - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, job satisfaction)
- JEL: M55 - Labor Contracting Devices: Outsourcing; Franchising; Diğer
- JEL: M59 - Diğer
Economic history JEL: N Subcategories
JEL: N - Economic History
Kategori:Economic history
JEL: N0 - Genel
- JEL: N00 - Genel
- JEL: N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
JEL: N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
- JEL: N10 - Genel, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N14 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N15 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N16 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N17 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
- JEL: N20 - Genel, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N24 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N25 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N26 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N27 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth
- JEL: N30 - Genel, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N34 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N35 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N36 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N37 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N4 - Government, War, Law, and Regulation
- JEL: N40 - Genel, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N44 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N45 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N46 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N47 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
- JEL: N50 - Genel, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N54 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N55 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N56 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N57 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N6 - Manufacturing and Construction
- JEL: N60 - Genel, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N64 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N65 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N66 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N67 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Diğer Services
- JEL: N70 - Genel, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N74 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N75 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N76 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N77 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N8 - Micro-Business History
- JEL: N80 - Genel, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N84 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N85 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N86 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N87 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N9 - Regional and Urban History
- JEL: N90 - Genel, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N93 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N94 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N95 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N96 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N97 - Africa; Oceania
Ekonomik kalkınma, teknolojik değişim ve büyüme JEL: O Alt kategoriler
JEL: O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
Kategori:Economic development, technological change, and growth
JEL: O1 - Economic development
- JEL: O10 - Genel
- JEL: O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- JEL: O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- JEL: O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Diğer Primary Products
- JEL: O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
- JEL: O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
- JEL: O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment
- JEL: O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal, Social, Economic, and Political
- JEL: O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
- JEL: O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
JEL: O2 - Development Planning and Policy
- JEL: O20 - Genel
- JEL: O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
- JEL: O22 - Project Analysis
- JEL: O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
- JEL: O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
- JEL: O29 - Diğer
JEL: O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development
- JEL: O30 - Genel
- JEL: O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
- JEL: O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
- JEL: O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
- JEL: O34 - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues
- JEL: O38 - Government Policy
- JEL: O39 - Diğer
JEL: O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
- JEL: O40 - Genel
- JEL: O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
- JEL: O42 - Monetary Growth Models
- JEL: O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity
- JEL: O49 - Diğer
JEL: O5 - Economywide Country Studies
- JEL: O50 - Genel
- JEL: O51 - U.S.; Canada
- JEL: O52 - Europe
- JEL: O53 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: O55 - Africa
- JEL: O56 - Oceania
- JEL: O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Ekonomik sistemler JEL: P Alt kategoriler
JEL: P - Economic Systems
Kategori:Economic systems
JEL: P0 - Genel
- JEL: P00 - Genel
JEL: P1 - Capitalist Systems
- JEL: P10 - Genel
- JEL: P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- JEL: P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
- JEL: P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
- JEL: P14 - Property Rights
- JEL: P16 - Political Economy
- JEL: P17 - Performance and Prospects
- JEL: P19 - Diğer
JEL: P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
- JEL: P20 - Genel
- JEL: P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- JEL: P22 - Prices
- JEL: P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
- JEL: P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- JEL: P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation
- JEL: P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights
- JEL: P27 - Performance and Prospects
- JEL: P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
- JEL: P29 - Diğer
JEL: P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
- JEL: P30 - Genel
- JEL: P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
- JEL: P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
- JEL: P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
- JEL: P34 - Financial Economics
- JEL: P35 - Public Economics
- JEL: P36 - Consumer Economics; Health, Education, Welfare, and Poverty
- JEL: P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
- JEL: P39 - Diğer
JEL: P4 - Diğer Economic Systems
- JEL: P40 - Genel
- JEL: P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- JEL: P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
- JEL: P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics
- JEL: P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- JEL: P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
- JEL: P46 - Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty
- JEL: P47 - Performance and Prospects
- JEL: P48 - Political Economy •Legal Institutions; Property Rights
- JEL: P49 - Diğer
JEL: P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
- JEL: P50 - Genel
- JEL: P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
- JEL: P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
- JEL: P59 - Diğer
Tarım ve Doğal Kaynak Ekonomisi, Çevresel ve EkoloAgricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and Ekolojik Ekonomi JEL: Q Alt kategoriler
JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
Kategori:Agricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and ecological economics Kategori:Resource economics
JEL: Q0 - Genel
- JEL: Q00 - Genel
- JEL: Q01 - Sustainable development
JEL: Q1 - Agriculture
- JEL: Q10 - Genel
- JEL: Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
- JEL: Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
- JEL: Q13 - Agricultural markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
- JEL: Q14 - Agricultural finance
- JEL: Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land reform; Land use; Irrigation
- JEL: Q16 - R&D; Agricultural technology; Agricultural Extension Services
- JEL: Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
- JEL: Q18 - Agricultural policy; Food policy
- JEL: Q19 - Diğer
JEL: Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
- JEL: Q20 - Genel
- JEL: Q21 - Demand and Supply
- JEL: Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture
- JEL: Q23 - Forestry
- JEL: Q24 - Land
- JEL: Q25 - Water
- JEL: Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
- JEL: Q28 - Government Policy
- JEL: Q29 - Diğer
JEL: Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
- JEL: Q30 - Genel
- JEL: Q31 - Demand and Supply
- JEL: Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
- JEL: Q34 - Doğal kaynaklar ve yurtiçiNatural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
- JEL: Q33 - Doğal kaynak patlamasıResource Booms
- JEL: Q38 - Kamu politikaları
- JEL: Q39 - Diğer
JEL: Q4 - Enerji Ekonomisi
- JEL: Q40 - Genel
- JEL: Q41 - Enerji Talebi ve Enerji Arzı
- JEL: Q42 - Alternatif enerji kaynakları
- JEL: Q43 - Enerji ve Makroekonomi
- JEL: Q48 - Kamu Politikaları
- JEL: Q49 - Diğer
JEL: Q5 - Çevresel Ekonomi
- JEL: Q50 - Genel
- JEL: Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
- JEL: Q52 - Pollution Control Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
- JEL: Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste • Recycling
- JEL: Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters
- JEL: Q55 - Technological Innovation
- JEL: Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental accounting
- JEL: Q57 - Ecological economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics
- JEL: Q58 - Government Policy
- JEL: Q59 - Diğer
Kentsel, Kırsal ve Bölgesel Ekonomi JEL: R Alt kategoriler
JEL: R - Kent Ekonomisi, Kırsal Ekonomi ve Bölgesel Ekonomi
Kategori:Kentsel, Kırsal ve bölgesel ekonomi
JEL: R0 - Genel
- JEL: R00 - Genel
JEL: R1 - Genel Bölgesel ekonomi
- JEL: R10 - Genel
- JEL: R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
- JEL: R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade
- JEL: R13 - Genel Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
- JEL: R14 - Land Use Patterns
- JEL: R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Diğer Models
- JEL: R19 - Diğer
JEL: R2 - Hanehalı analizler
- JEL: R20 - Genel
- JEL: R21 - Hanehalkı talebiHousing Demand
- JEL: R22 - Diğer Talep
- JEL: R23 - Bölgesel göç, bölgesel iş gücü piyasaları, nüfus
- JEL: R29 - Diğer
JEL: R3 - Üretim analizleri ve Firma yeri
- JEL: R30 - Genel
- JEL: R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
- JEL: R32 - Diğer üretim ve fiyatlama analizleri
- JEL: R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
- JEL: R34 - Input Demand Analysis
- JEL: R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies
- JEL: R39 - Diğer
JEL: R4 - Ulaştırma Ekonomisi
- JEL: R40 - Genel
- JEL: R41 - Ulaştırma: Talep, arz, yığılma, güvenlik ve kazalar
- JEL: R42 - Kamu ve özel yatırım analizleri
- JEL: R48 - Kamu fiyatlaması, düzenleme politikaları
- JEL: R49 - Diğer
JEL: R5 - Bölgesel yönetim analizi
- JEL: R50 - Genel
- JEL: R51 - Kentsel ve kırsal ekonomilerde finans
- JEL: R52 - Arazi kullanımı ve diğer düzenlemeler
- JEL: R53 - Kamu hizmet yeri analizi, Kamu yatırım ve sermaye stoku
- JEL: R58 - Bölgesel gelişim yasaları
- JEL: R59 - Diğer
Çeşitli kategoriler (ekonomi) JEL: Y Alt kategoriler
JEL: Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts
- JEL: Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts
JEL: Y2 - Introductory Material
- JEL: Y20 - Introductory Material
JEL: Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
- JEL: Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
JEL: Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)
- JEL: Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
JEL: Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified)
- JEL: Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)
JEL: Y6 - Excerpts
- JEL: Y60 - Excerpts
JEL: Y8 - JEL: Related Disciplines
- JEL: Y80 - Related Disciplines
JEL: Y9 - Diğer
- JEL: Y90 - Diğer
Diğer özel başlıklar JEL: Z Alt kategoriler
JEL: Z - Diğer özel başlıklar
JEL: Z0 - Genel
- JEL: Z00 - Genel
JEL: Z1 - Kültürel ekonomi; Ekonomik sosyoloji; Ekonomik antropoloji
- JEL: Z10 - Genel
- JEL: Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
- JEL: Z12 - Bölgesel
- JEL: Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
- JEL: Z19 - Diğer
Dış bağlantılar
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