Manifest Destiny

John Gast tarafından yapılan American Progress, yaklaşık 1872. Tablo, doğuda Atlantik Okyanusundan batıda Pasifik Okyanusuna kadar Hristiyan Beyaz yerleşimcilerin Tanrı'nın adı altında genişlemesi gerektiğini ifade eden dinî karakterli Manifest Destiny'yi göstermektedir. Öncülerin Ruhu olarak adlandırılan ve batıya doğru hareket eden Beyaz yerleşimciler onlara kılavuzluk eden tanrıçavari bir Columbia (Sam Amca'nın kadın versiyonu) tarafından korunmakta ve demiryolları ile telgraf gibi teknoloji desteklenmektedir. Destek alan bu Beyazlar ise Kızılderilileri ve bizonları karanlığa doğru sürmektedir. Melek ise doğudaki ışığı batıya taşımaktadır.

Açık Kader (İngilizce Manifest Destiny), 19. yüzyılda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde Amerikalı yerleşimcilerce kıtanın doğu kıyısından batı kıyısına kadar genişlemenin mukadder olduğunu ifade eden ideolojidir. Eski Dünya'yı kurtarmak için yeni bir cennet inşa etmek üzere yeni toprak potansiyelleri tarafından oluşturulan misyon duygusudur.^[1] Deyimin kendisi birçoğuna göre farklı şeyler ifade eder ve birçok kişi bunu reddeder. Howe'a göre Amerikalıların fikirbirliğiyle Amerikan emperyalizmini temsil etmez ve bunu millî politika dahilinde acı muhalefet kışkırtmıştır.^[2] Manifest Destiny Demokratların çoğunun güçlü desteğini almıştır ve Whig Partisi ise şiddetle karşı çıkmıştır.

ABD'nin Vahşi Batı olarak bilinen batısına doğru hızla genişleyen Beyaz yerleşimciler ve kaybedilen Kızılderili toprakları yüzünden Kızılderili savaşları ile Kızılderili soykırımlarının tetikleyici sebeplerinden biridir.^[3]

Dipnotlar

1. Merk 1963
2. Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America 1815-1848, (2007) sayfa: 705-6
3. Anderson Eugene Newton and Anderson, Barbara A. (2013). Warning Signs of Genocide: An Anthropological Perspective. Lexington Books ISBN 978-0-7391-7515-6

Kaynakça

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