Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ekonomisi
ABD ekonomisi | |
---|---|
| |
Derece | 1. (Nominal) / 2. (SAGP) |
Para birimi | ABD doları (USD) US$ |
Mali yıl | 1 Ekim 2016 – 30 Eylül 2016 |
Ticaret organizasyonları | NAFTA, OECD, DTÖ, G-20, G8 ve diğerleri |
İstatistikler | |
GSYİH | 18.561 trilyon $ (2016)[3] |
GSYİH büyüme | %1.4 (Q2 2016)[4] |
Kişi başı GSYİH | 57,293 $ (2016)[3] |
Sektörel GSYİH dağılımı |
tarım: %1.6 endüstri: %20.8 hizmet: %77.6 (2015)[5] |
Enflasyon (TÜFE) | ▲ %1.7 (Mayıs 2015)[6] |
Yoksulluk sınırı altındaki nüfus | %13.66 (2015)[7] |
Gini katsayısı | 38 (2013)[8] |
İşgücü | 159.463 milyon (Ağustos 2016)[9] |
İşsizlik | %4.7 (Mayıs 2016)[10] |
Ana endüstriler | petrol, çelik, motorlu taşıtlar, havacılık ve uzay, telekomünikasyon, kimyasallar, savunma sanayii, elektronik, gıda işleme, tüketim malları, ahşap, madencilik |
İş yapılma kolaylığı sıralaması | 7.[11] |
Dış ticaret | |
İhracat | 1.62 trilyon $ (2014)[12] |
İhraç malları | makine, ara mallar, tüketim malları, motorlu taşıtlar ve parçalar, gıda, yem ve içecekler (2014)[13] |
Ana ihracat ortakları |
Kanada %18.6 Meksika %15.7 Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti %7.7 Japonya %4.2 (2015)[14] |
İthalat | 2.35 trilyon $ (2014)[12] |
İthalat malları | sermaye malları, tüketim malları, endüstriyel gereçler, motorlu taşıtlar ve parçalar, ham petrol, gıda, yem ve içecekler (2014)[15] |
Ana ithalat ortakları |
Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti %21.5 Kanada %13.2 Meksika %13.2 Japonya %5.9 Almanya %5.5 (2015)[16] |
DYY sermayesi | 2.8 trilyon $ (2013)[17] |
Kamu maliyesi | |
Kamu borçları | 19.268 trilyon $ (Q1 2015)[18] |
Gelirler | 3.0 trilyon $[19] |
Giderler | 3.5 trilyon $[20] |
Ekonomik yardım | ODA 48 milyar $ (2012)[21] |
Kredi derecelendirme | |
Dış rezervler | 0.14 trilyon $ (16 Mayıs 2014)[26] |
Diğer bir bilgi verilmemiş, değerlerin tümü ABD Doları ile ifade edilmiştir. |
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ekonomisi, nominal olarak dünyanın en büyük ve satınalma gücü paritesi bakımından ikinci büyük ekonomisi olup nominal olarak dünya GSYİH'inin %22'sini oluşturmaktadır.[3] Amerika Birleşik Devletleri karma bir ekonomiye sahip olup[27][28] istikrarlı bir GSYİH büyüme hızı, ılımlı bir işsizlik oranı, yüksek seviyede araştırma ve sermaye yatırımını muhafaza etmiştir.[29]
ABD geniş doğal kaynaklara, gelişmiş bir altyapıya ve yüksek iş verimliliğine sahiptir.[30] ABD dünyanın en büyük ticaret ülkelerinden biridir[31] ve dünyanın ikinci büyük imalatçısıdır.[32] Ayrıca dünyanın en büyük petrol[33] ve doğalgaz üreticisidir.[34] 2013 yılı itibari ile dünyanın dokuzuncu yüksek kişi başına GSYİH'e (nominal) ve 10. yüksek kişi başına GSYİH'e (SAGP) sahiptir.[35][36] ABD diğer OECD ülkeleri ile kıyaslandığında ortalama en yüksek hane ve çalışan gelirine sahiptir ve 2010 yılı itibari ile dördüncü yüksek medyan hane gelirine sahiptir.[37][38] ABD dünyanın en büyük tüketici pazarını temsil etmektedir.[39] Dünyanın en büyük 500 şirketinin 128'i ABD merkezlidir.[40]
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri dünyanın en büyük ve en etkili finansal piyasalardan birine sahiptir. New York Menkul Kıymetler Borsası piyasa değeri bakımından dünyanın en büyük menkul kıymetler borsasıdır.[41] ABD doları çoğu uluslararası işlemlerde kullanılan ve dünyanın önde gelen rezerv para birimi olup II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan bu yana uluslararası kuruluşlarda merkezi bir rol oynamaktadır.[42]
Kaynakça
- ↑ "The Global Financial Centres Index 18". Long Finance. Eylül 2015. http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI18_23Sep2015.pdf.
- ↑ "The Global Financial Centres Index 18". Long Finance. Eylül 2015. http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI18_23Sep2015.pdf.
- 1 2 3 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=25&pr.y=9&sy=2015&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=111&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=.
- ↑ "GDP Estimates". Bureau of Economic Analysis. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/gdpnewsrelease.htm. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "FIELD LISTING :: GDP - COMPOSITION, BY SECTOR OF ORIGIN". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2012.html. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "CONSUMER PRICE INDEX – OCTOBER 2014". Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/cpi.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2013". http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2014/cb14-169.html#.
- ↑ "OECD Factbook 2013: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics". http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/3012021ec025.pdf?expires=1411759475&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=694F128B2B7AB4C4761939BCDEBB914D.
- ↑
- ↑ Schwartz, Nelson D. (5 Şubat 2016). "Wages Rise as U.S. Unemployment Rate Falls Below 5%". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/06/business/economy/jobs-report-unemployment-january-fed-interest-rates.html. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "Doing Business in the United States 2013". World Bank. http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/united-states/. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- 1 2 "U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services" (PDF). BEA. 5 Şubat 2015. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/international/trade/2015/pdf/trad1214.pdf.
- ↑ "Exports of goods by principal end-use category". Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/historical/SAEXP.pdf.
- ↑ "Export Partners of the United States". CIA World Factbook. 2015. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#us. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "Imports of goods by principal end-use category". Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/historical/SAIMP.pdf.
- ↑ "Import Partners of the United States". CIA World Factbook. 2015. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#us. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "Stock of Foreign Direct Investment". CIA World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2198.html#us.
- ↑ "The Debt to the Penny and Who Holds It". U.S. Treasury Department. http://www.treasurydirect.gov/NP/debt/current. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "Receipts by Source, 1934-2020". OMB. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2016/assets/hist02z1.xls.
- ↑ "Outlays by Function, 1940-2020". OMB. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2016/assets/hist03z1.xls.
- ↑ US Overseas Loans and Grants, usaidallnet.gov, http://gbk.eads.usaidallnet.gov/, erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016
- ↑ "Sovereigns rating list". Standard & Poor's. http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu?sectorName=null&subSectorCode=39&filter=U. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- 1 2 Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (15 Nisan 2011). "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating". The Guardian: Londra. http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/apr/30/credit-ratings-country-fitch-moodys-standard. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ Riley, Charles (2 Ağustos 2011). "Moody's affirms AAA rating, lowers outlook". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/02/news/economy/moodys_credit_rating/index.htm?hpt=hp_t1.
- ↑ "Fitch Affirms United States at 'AAA'; Outlook Stable". https://www.fitchratings.com/creditdesk/press_releases/detail.cfm?pr_id=824532.
- ↑ "U.S. International Reserve Position". U.S. Department of Treasury. 16 Mayıs 2014. http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/IR-Position/Pages/05162014.aspx. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ U.S. Economy – Basic Conditions & Resources. U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany. 21 Ekim 2016 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
- ↑ (4)Outline of the U.S. Economy – (2)How the U.S. Economy Works. U.S. Embassy Information Resource Center. 21 Ekim 2016 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
- ↑ "US GDP Growth Rate by Year". US Bureau of Economic Analysis. 31 Mart 2014. http://www.multpl.com/us-gdp-growth-rate/table/by-year. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny, ed. Daniel Lederman and William Maloney (World Bank, 2007), p. 185. ISBN 0-8213-6545-2.
- ↑ Phillip Inman, economics correspondent (11 Şubat 2013). "China overtakes US in world trade". Guardian. Londra. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/feb/11/china-worlds-largest-trading-nation. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ Vargo, Frank (11 Mart 2011). "U.S. Manufacturing Remains World's Largest". Shopfloor. http://shopfloor.org/2011/03/u-s-manufacturing-remains-worlds-largest/18756. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "U.S. Seen as Biggest Oil Producer After Overtaking Saudi Arabia". http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-07-04/u-s-seen-as-biggest-oil-producer-after-overtaking-saudi.html.
- ↑ "Key World Energy Statistics". International Energy Agency. 2013. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2013.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "List of Countries by GDP PPP per capita". International Monetary Fund. Nisan 2014. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2013&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=7&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a=. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "List of countries by GDP Nominal per capita". International Monetary Fund. Nisan 2014. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2013&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a=&pr.x=41&pr.y=13. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "Household Income". Society at a Glance 2014: OECD Social Indicators. OECD Publishing. 18 Mart 2014. DOI:10.1787/soc_glance-2014-en. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "OECD Better Life Index". OECD. http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/#/11111111111. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2016.
- ↑ "Largest consumer markets". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_consumer_markets.
- ↑ "Global 500 2014". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2013/full_list/.
- ↑ Table A – Market Capitalization of the World's Top Stock Exchanges (As at end of June 2012). Securities and Exchange Commission (China). 21 Ekim 2016 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
- ↑ "The Implementation of Monetary Policy – The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere" (PDF). http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_4.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2016.
Dış bağlantılar
- CIA – The World Factbook – United States
- U.S. Dept of Commerce – Bureau of Economic Analysis
- World Bank Summary Trade Statistics United States
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