Subklinik enfeksiyon

Tifolu Mary'nin ve 1900'lü yıllarda meşhur, subklinik seyreden ve Tifo'ya neden olan Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi enfeksiyonu vakalarının çizimi.

Belirti göstermeden veya belirgin işaretleri gözlemlenemeden seyreden enfeksiyonlara subklinik enfeksiyon (ya da preenfeksiyon) denir. Subklinik enfeksiyon gösteren bir kişi mikrobun asemptomatik taşıyıcısıdır, parazitler ya da virüsler genellikle hastalıklara neden olurlar, bazı etkenler kendi konakçıları vasıtasıyla sessizce yayılım gösterirler, bu gibi enfeksiyonlar insanlarda ya da hayvanlarda meydana gelebilirler. Bir asemptomatik enfeksiyona yakalanmış kişi kendini hafif soğuk algınlığına yakalanmış gibi hissedebilir. bu tarz enfeksiyon etkenleri mikrobiyolojik kültüre alınarak veya DNA testi teknikleri (polimeraz zincir tepkimesi gibi) ile tespit edilebilirler.

Enfeksiyon bulaş

Bireyde subklinik enfeksiyon döneminden sonra soğuk algınlığı gibi belirtiler gözlemlenebilir bu döneme kuluçka devresi denir. Buna örnek; AIDS ve genital siğiller gibi subklinik cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklardır. Subklinik enfeksiyon geçiren ve enfeksiyon belirtilerini göstermeyen bireyler, birer rezerv durumuna gelirler ve etkenlerin diğer insanlara bulaştırılmasına aracı olarak onların enfekte olmalarına yol açarlar.  Klinik belirti vermediklerinden dolayı sağlık istatistikleri enfeksiyonun prevalansınıtam olarak vermezler, bu da enfeksiyonun bulaşması hakkında doğru modelleme yapmayı önler.

Konakçı toleransının gelişmesi

Ateş, hastalık davranışı ve enfeksiyona ait diğer işaretleri konak kendini enfeksiyondan korumak için fizyolojik ve davranışsal tepkiler geliştirir. Vücut bu zor süreci yaşamak yerine patojenleri tolere etme yoluna gidebilir [1] Bu seçenek enfektif patojenleri '''kontrol etmek''' veya yok etmek için alternatif bir yoldur.[2]

Gizli zararları

Rezerv taşıyıcıları onları yaydıkları sürece bu tür enfeksiyonlar çok mühimlerdir ve hastalıkla alakasız gibi görünen klinik sorunlara neden olabilirler, mesela idrar yolları enfeksiyonu olan bir bayan tedavi olmadan hamile kalırsa erken doğum yapabilir.[3]

Subklinik enfeksiyonlar listesi

Asemptomatik hastalıkların insan popülasyonunun çoğunda bulunduğu bilinmektedir:

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynaklar

  1. ↑ Miller MR, White A, Boots M (September 2005). "The evolution of host resistance: tolerance and control as distinct strategies". J. Theor. Biol. 236 (2): 198–207. DOI:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.03.005. PMID 16005309. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-5193(05)00094-9.
  2. ↑ Boots M, Bowers RG (April 2004). "The evolution of resistance through costly acquired immunity". Proc. Biol. Sci. 271 (1540): 715–23. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2003.2655. PMC 1691655. PMID 15209105. http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15209105.
  3. ↑ Romero R, Espinoza J, Chaiworapongsa T, Kalache K (August 2002). "Infection and prematurity and the role of preventive strategies". Semin Neonatol 7 (4): 259–74. DOI:10.1053/siny.2002.0121. PMID 12401296. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1084275602901211.
  4. ↑ Klement E, Grotto I, Srugo I, Orr N, Gilad J, Cohent D (March 2005). "Pertussis in soldiers, Israel". Emerging Infect. Dis. 11 (3): 506–8. DOI:10.3201/eid1103.040672. PMID 15789494.
  5. ↑ Müller J, Møller DS, Kjaer M, Nyvad O, Larsen NA, Pedersen EB (2003). "Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy control subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and arterial hypertension". Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 35 (10): 704–12. DOI:10.1080/00365540310016538. PMID 14606608.
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  7. 1 2 Korenromp EL, Sudaryo MK, de Vlas SJ, et al. (February 2002). "What proportion of episodes of gonorrhoea and chlamydia becomes symptomatic?". Int J STD AIDS 13 (2): 91–101. DOI:10.1258/0956462021924712. PMID 11839163. http://ijsa.rsmjournals.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11839163.
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  13. ↑ Blessmann J, Ali IK, Nu PA, et al. (October 2003). "Longitudinal Study of Intestinal Entamoeba histolytica Infections in Asymptomatic Adult Carriers". J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 (10): 4745–50. DOI:10.1128/JCM.41.10.4745-4750.2003. PMC 294961. PMID 14532214. http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14532214.
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  16. ↑ Ozturk CE, Yavuz T, Kaya D, Yucel M (December 2004). "The rate of asymptomatic throat carriage of group A Streptococcus in school children and associated ASO titers in Duzce, Turkey". Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 57 (6): 271–2. PMID 15623954. http://www.nih.go.jp/JJID/57/271.html.
  17. ↑ Kul S, Sert B, Sari A, et al. (September 2008). "Effect of subclinical Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric wall thickness: multislice CT evaluation". Diagn Interv Radiol 14 (3): 138–42. PMID 18814135. http://www.dirjournal.org/pubmed.php3?year=2008&volume=14&issue=3&page=138.
  18. ↑ Wald A, Zeh J, Selke S, Ashley RL, Corey L (September 1995). "Virologic characteristics of subclinical and symptomatic genital herpes infections". N. Engl. J. Med. 333 (12): 770–5. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199509213331205. PMID 7643884. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=7643884&promo=ONFLNS19.
  19. ↑ Mummidi S, Ahuja SS, Gonzalez E, et al. (July 1998). "Genealogy of the CCR5 locus and chemokine system gene variants associated with altered rates of HIV-1 disease progression". Nat. Med. 4 (7): 786–93. DOI:10.1038/nm0798-786. PMID 9662369.
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  24. ↑ Yazdankhah SP, Caugant DA (September 2004). "Neisseria meningitidis: an overview of the carriage state". J. Med. Microbiol. 53 (Pt 9): 821–32. DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.45529-0. PMID 15314188. http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15314188.
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  26. ↑ Gallimore CI, Cubitt D, du Plessis N, Gray JJ (May 2004). "Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Excretion of Noroviruses during a Hospital Outbreak of Gastroenteritis". J. Clin. Microbiol. 42 (5): 2271–4. DOI:10.1128/JCM.42.5.2271-2274.2004. PMC 404621. PMID 15131210. http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15131210.
  27. ↑ van Benten I, Koopman L, Niesters B, et al. (October 2003). "Predominance of rhinovirus in the nose of symptomatic and asymptomatic infants". Pediatr Allergy Immunol 14 (5): 363–70. DOI:10.1034/j.1399-3038.2003.00064.x. PMID 14641606. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0905-6157&date=2003&volume=14&issue=5&spage=363.
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