Şahba mıntıkası (Suriye)
Suriye İç Savaşı | ||||||||
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Arap Baharı | ||||||||
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Taraflar | ||||||||
Hizbullah[2] Destekleyen:
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Suriye Muhalif ve Devrimci Güçler Ulusal Koalisyonu
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Komutanlar ve liderler | ||||||||
Beşşar Esad |
Salim İdris Ahmed İsa eş-Şeyh[25] | Ebu Bekir Bağdadi[29] | ||||||
Güçler | ||||||||
Suriye Silahlı Kuvvetleri:178,000[30]–250,000[31] Ulusal Güvenlik Müdürlüğü: 8,000 Ulusal Savunma Gücü: 60,000[32] El Abbas Tugayı: 10,000[33] Hizbullah: 8,000–10,000[34] İDM-Kudüs Gücü: 150[35]–1,500[36] Asa'ib Ehl el-Hak: 1,000[37] FKHC-GK: 500-1,000[38] Halk Koruma Birlikleri (YPG): 50,000[39] Kürt Cephesi: 7,000[40] |
Özgür Suriye Ordusu: 40,000–50,000[41] İslamî Cephe: 40,000–50,000[42] Asalet ve Kalkınma Cephesi: 13,000[43] El Nusra Cephesi: 7,000-8,000[42] Ahfad-ı Resul Tugayı: 7,000–9,000[43] | Irak ve Şam İslam Devleti: 50,000[44][45] | ||||||
Kayıplar | ||||||||
Suriye hükûmeti
100,000[46]–42,500[47] asker ve polis öldürüldü 1.000+ kişi öldürüldü[47] |
40.590 [47]–50,930[49] savaşçı öldürüldü*
10.000 protestocu öldürüldü[50] | 4.160 militan öldürüldü[53] | ||||||
120,000 sivil öldürüldü (Eylül 2013 Fransa açıklaması)[54] 16 Irak askeri öldürüldü.[56][57][58][59] 4,5 milyon (BM, Eylül 2013) – 5,1 milyon (iDMC, Eylül 2013) kişi evinden oldu[65][66][67] *Number possibly higher due to opposition forces covering up their losses for the sake of moral.[47] **Number includes foreign fighters from both sides, as well as foreign civilians |
Şahba mıntıkası (Kürtçe: Herêma Şehba)[70][71][72][73][74] Kuzey Suriye Federasyonu içerisindeki de facto autonom bir bölgedir. Suriye Demokratik Güçleri tarafından DAİŞ'ten alınan Efrîn Kantonu ile Kobanî Kantonu arasındaki toprakları yönetmek maksadıyla oluşturulmuştur. Şahba mıntıkasının yönetimini üstlenmek maksadıyla 28 Ocak, 2 - 4 Şubat 2016 tarihlerinde Efrîn'de gerçekleştirilen konferanslarda Şahba Bölgesel Yönetimi, Menbic Askerî Konseyi ile bir de Senato oluşturuldu.[73][75] Fırat Kalkanı Operasyonu öncesi 22 Mart 2016 tarihinde ise burada özerk bir yönetim oluşturulmuştu.[76]
Şahbe Asamblesi Suriye Demokratik Asamblesi (MSD) içinde bir temsilci ile temsîl edilmektedir.[74]
Coğrafya
Bugünkü Şahba mıntıkası Menbic, Tishrin, Arima, ve iç savaş öncesi Halep İli'nin parçası olan ve şimdi Suriye Demokratik Güçleri'nin elinde bulunan Tell Rifaat kentlerinden oluşmaktadır.
Tarih
Arkaplan
Osmanlı Devleti (1299–1922) devirlerinde, Kürtçe konşan büyük aşiretler Anadolu'dan sürülerek Suriye'nin kuzeyine yerleştiler. Bu aşiret topluluklarının en büyüğü Adıyaman'da ortaya çıkan Reşvan Konfederasyonu idi. 1518 yılından sonra ortaya çıkan ve Suriye'nin kuzeyinde Onsekizinci yüzyıldan sonra etkin söz sahibi olan Millî Konfederasyon bu grupların içerisinde en büyüğü idi. Bir Kürt aşireti olan Canbulatlar, Halep bölgesini Osmanlı Valileri olarak yönettiler. (1591–1607).[77] Böylece, 17. yüzyılın başlarında Fırat'ın sol tarafındaki Cerablus ve Secûr bölgeleri Kürtler tarafından iskân edilmiş oldu.[78]
Suriye İç Savaşı ve Rojava Savaşı
2012 yılı Temmuz ayında bölgenin büyük kısmı muhalif kuvvetlece Suriye rejiminin elinden alındı. 2014 yılı Ocak ayında ise DAİŞ başlattığı büyük bir taarruz neticesinde Menbic ile Dabık arasındaki toprakları ele geçirdi.
2015 yıl Aralık ayında, Suriye Demokratik Güçleri (SDF) başlattığı taarruz harekatı neticesinde Tişrin Barajı ve çevresindeki köyleri ellerine geçirerek Fırat'ın batısını güvence altına almış oldu. Daha sonraki aylarda ise Menbic'i kurtarmak için yapılması planlanan harekat Türkiye'nin talebi üzerine ertelendi.
2016 yılının Mayıs ayında gerçekleştirilen Menbic taarruzu ile Menbic-Rakka yolu güvenlik altına alındı.[79]
30 Mayıs - 12 Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen Menbic taarruzu ile 100'den fazla köy DAİŞ'ten geri alındı.[80]
14 Ağustos 2016'da Menbic'in kurtarılmasından sonra, Suriye Demokratik Güçleri içerisindeki Araplar - Kürt YPG ve YPJ gruplarını dışlayarak – el-Bab kentinde El-Bab Askerî Konseyi'ni oluşturdular.[81]
14 Ağustos 2016'da, Menbic Askerî Konseyi yayınladığı bir bildiri ile Menbic'in ve çevredeki köylerin güvenliğini Suriye Demokratik Güçleri'nden teslim aldıklarını ilân ettiler.[82][83]
Ayrıca bakınız
- Rojava
- Menbic
- Menbic taarruzu
- Kobanî Kantonu
- Cezîre Kantonu
- Efrîn Kantonu
- Fırat Kalkanı Operasyonu
Dış bağlantılar
Kaynakça
- ↑ http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2016/02/160227_suriye_ateskes_basladi
- ↑ "Hezbollah Commits to an All-Out Fight to Save Assad". The New York Times. May 25, 2013. 28 Mart 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140328100848/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/26/world/middleeast/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-step-up-raids-on-rebels.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&.
- ↑ Saeed Kamali Dehghan (28 May 2012). "Syrian army being aided by Iranian forces". The Guardian. 14 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20130514000621/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/may/28/syria-army-iran-forces.
- ↑ Daftari, Lisa (28 August 2012). "Iranian general admits 'fighting every aspect of a war' in defending Syria's Assad". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/08/28/iranian-general-admits-fighting-every-aspect-war-in-defending-syria-assad/.
- ↑ "Syria rebels clash with army, Palestinian fighters". Agence France-Presse. 31 October 2012. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2012-10/31/content_15858497.htm.
- ↑ Richard Galpin (10 January 2012). "Russian arms shipments bolster Syria's embattled Assad". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16797818. Erişim tarihi: 4 February 2012.
- ↑ "Russian military presence in Syria poses challenge to US-led intervention". The Guardian, 23 December 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
- ↑ Ryall, Julian (6 June 2013). "Syria: North Korean military 'advising Assad regime'". The Telegraph. 17 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160517213652/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10102561/Syria-North-Korean-military-advising-Assad-regime.html. Erişim tarihi: 2 August 2013.
- ↑ "North Korea violating sanctions, according to UN report". The Telegraph. 3 July 2012. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9371607/North-Korea-violating-sanctions-according-to-UN-report.html. Erişim tarihi: 6 October 2012.
- ↑ http://rudaw.net/turkish/kurdistan/200920141
- ↑ "The Free Syrian Army". Institute for the Study of War. 27 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160327215244/http://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/The-Free-Syrian-Army-24MAR.pdf.
- ↑ Risen, James, Mazzetti, Mark & Schmidt, Michael S. (5 December 2012). "U.S. approved arms for Libya rebels fell into Jihadis' hands". The New York Times. 29 Ekim 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151029023426/http://www.nytimes.com:80/2012/12/06/world/africa/weapons-sent-to-libyan-rebels-with-us-approval-fell-into-islamist-hands.html?_r=0. Erişim tarihi: 2 August 2013.
- ↑ Roula Khalaf and Abigail Fielding-Smith (17 May 2013). "How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/f2d9bbc8-bdbc-11e2-890a-00144feab7de.html#axzz2klonIM7Q. Erişim tarihi: 16 November 2013.
- ↑ El Deeb, Sarah (20 June 2013). "Rivalries complicate arms pipeline to Syria rebels". San Jose Mercury News. 18 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160418211935/http://www.mercurynews.com/nation-world/ci_23504307/rivalries-complicate-arms-pipeline-syria-rebels. Erişim tarihi: 1 August 2013.
- ↑ Hassan (1 October 2013). "The Army of Islam Is Winning in Syria". Foreign Policy. 6 Kasım 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20141106074107/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/10/01/the_army_of_islam_is_winning_in_syria. Erişim tarihi: 22 November 2013.
- ↑ Schmitt, Eric (21 June 2012). "C.I.A. Said to Aid in Steering Arms to Syrian Opposition". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/21/world/middleeast/cia-said-to-aid-in-steering-arms-to-syrian-rebels.html.
- ↑ "U.S. weapons reaching Syrian rebels". Washington Post. September 11, 2013. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-09-11/world/41972742_1_lethal-aid-syrian-rebels-chemical-weapons.
- ↑ http://www.enca.com/hollande-confirms-french-delivery-arms-syrian-rebels
- ↑ http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/bulgaria-sells-arms-saudi-and-uae-likely-use-syria-war-1612827818
- ↑ "New front opens in Syria as rebels say al Qaeda attack means war". Reuters. 12 July 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/12/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE96B08A20130712.
- ↑ "Syrians launch new 'revolution' against Qaeda group". AFP. 4 January 2014. http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/90793.aspx. Erişim tarihi: 6 January 2014.
- ↑ http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/12/jabhat-al-nusra-islamic-state-clash-qalamoun-risks-daraa.html
- ↑ http://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/peace/conflict_resolution/syria-conflict/islamic-state-in-southern-syria-may2015.pdf
- ↑ "U.N. withdraws staffers as violence rages in Syria". Edition.cnn.com. 25 May 2013. 5 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160305005259/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/25/world/meast/syria-civil-war.
- 1 2 3 Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front
- ↑ Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds (Reuters), 18 November 2013
- ↑ "Al-Nusra leader injured by regime bombardment". Facebook.com. http://www.facebook.com/syriaohr/posts/367316493376695. Erişim tarihi: 2013-05-16.
- ↑ O'Bagy, Elizabeth (2013-03-24). "The Free Syrian Army". Institute for the Study of War. 27 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160327215244/http://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/The-Free-Syrian-Army-24MAR.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-26.
- ↑ "U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda". United States Department of State. 10 August 2013. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/08/213032.htm.
- ↑ "Syria military strength detail". Global Fire Power. 27 March 2014. http://globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Syria.
- ↑ "As Syria war enters fourth year, regime eyes victory". Times. 11 March 2014. http://www.timeslive.co.za/world/2014/03/11/as-syria-war-enters-fourth-year-regime-eyes-victory.
- ↑ Pro-regime militias may outlast Assad, threaten future state: report
- ↑ Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines retrieved 5 June 2013
- ↑ From Qusair to Yabrud: Shiite foreign fighters in Syria
- ↑ "Assad might yet win in Syria thanks to Iran's Revolutionary Guards". 2013-05-30. http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/concoughlin/100219439/assad-might-yet-win-in-syria-thanks-to-irans-revolutionary-guards/.
- ↑ Who Are the Foreign Fighters in Syria?
- ↑ "Prominent Shiite cleric backs fighting in Syria". Boston Herald. 15 December 2013. 25 Ocak 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140125142619/http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/international/middle_east/2013/12/prominent_shiite_cleric_backs_fighting_in_syria.
- ↑ Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command
- ↑ "In Syria, Kurds are fighting their own war against Islamists, and winning". Public Radio International. 26 November 2013. 3 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160303230711/http://www.pri.org/stories/2013-11-26/syria-kurds-are-fighting-their-own-war-against-islamists-and-winning. Erişim tarihi: 9 October 2014.
- ↑ Mutlu Civiroglu (11 August 2013). "Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA". Rudaw. http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/11082013.
- ↑ Cockburn, Patrick (11 December 2013). "West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/west-suspends-aid-for-islamist-rebels-in-syria-underlining-their-disillusionment-with-those-forces-opposed-to-president-bashar-alassad-8998891.html.
- 1 2 "Factbox: Syria's rebel groups". Reuters. 9 January 2014. 27 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151127063149/http://www.reuters.com:80/article/2014/01/09/us-syria-crisis-rebels-factbox-idUSBREA080SW20140109. Erişim tarihi: 9 January 2014.
- 1 2 "Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition". BBC. 13 December 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24403003.
- ↑ [http://web.archive.org/web/20160304175202/http://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/nowsyrialatestnews/560782-ngo-jihadist-islamic-state-has-50000-members-in-syria "NGO: Islamic State has 50,000 members in Syria"]. NOW News. 19 August 2014. 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160304175202/http://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/nowsyrialatestnews/560782-ngo-jihadist-islamic-state-has-50000-members-in-syria.
- ↑ "Islamic State 'has 50,000 fighters in Syria'". Al Jazeera. 19 August 2014. 14 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151214174200/http://www.aljazeera.com:80/news/middleeast/2014/08/islamic-state-50000-fighters-syria-2014819184258421392.html.
- ↑ Syria conflict pits Shia against Sunni as Hezbollah says this is 'war we must win'
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "More than 130 thousand have died since the start of the Syrian revolution in light of international silence". 28 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140828054552/http://www.syriahr.com/index.php?option=com_news&nid=13274&Itemid=2&task=displaynews. Erişim tarihi: 31 December 2013.
- ↑ "David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES)". Huffington Post. 6 November 2012. 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160304120924/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/11/06/syria-cameron-safe-passage-assad_n_2081341.html.
- ↑ With SOHR already stating that the number of government and rebel fatalities is evenly divided and the pro-government fatalities to be an estimated 50,930, a higher figure of rebels killed can be estimated to be 50,930 as well. This would be in line with SOHR's estimate that the number of combatant dead being double the documented number.
- ↑ "Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed". Ansamed.ansa.it. 2010-01-03. 28 Mart 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140328103035/http://ansamed.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/politics/2012/03/19/visualizza_new.html_134589467.html. Erişim tarihi: 2013-08-27.
- ↑ Approximately 126 thousand people killed in Syria
- 1 2 "Violations Documenting Center". Violations Documenting Center. 30 December 2013. 3 Mart 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20130303155835/http://www.vdc-sy.org/index.php/en/home. Erişim tarihi: 30 December 2013.
- ↑ 25 killed (19 November 2013), 15 killed (31 October), 379 killed (2013), total of 419 reported killed
- ↑ France urges action on Syria, says 120,000 dead Wed, 25th Sep 2013 07:21
- ↑ "Violations Documenting Center - other statistics". Violations Documenting Center. 30 December 2013. 9 Mart 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20130309091504/http://www.vdc-sy.org/index.php/en/otherstatistics. Erişim tarihi: 30 December 2013.
- ↑ "Iraqi Soldier Killed by Fire from Syria". Naharnet.com. 3 March 2013. 6 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160306070614/http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/74130-iraqi-soldier-killed-by-fire-from-syria.
- ↑ Zeina Karam (17 September 2012). "Syrian jets bomb northern city overrun by rebels". Washington Examiner. Associated Press. http://washingtonexaminer.com/syrian-jets-bomb-northern-city-overrun-by-rebels/article/2523370.
- ↑ "Syria rebels fire on Iraq border posts, one killed". Channelnewsasia.com. 2013-06-09. 15 Haziran 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20130615180738/http://www.channelnewsasia.com:80/news/world/syria-rebels-fire-on-iraq/703066.html. Erişim tarihi: 2013-08-30.
- ↑ "Iraqi border guard killed in Syria violence spillover". Presstv.ir. 2013-07-13. 14 Ekim 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131014230529/http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/07/13/313673/syria-militants-kill-iraqi-border-guard/. Erişim tarihi: 2013-08-30.
- ↑ "Arsal ambush kills two Lebanese soldiers hunting wanted fugitive". Daily Star. 7 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160307183455/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2013/Feb-02/204737-arsal-ambush-kills-two-lebanese-soldiers-hunting-w.ashx. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-08.
- ↑ Violence in Lebanese Border Towns Adds to Fears of Syrian Encroachment
- ↑ "Assad regrets downing of Turkish jet, says won't allow open combat with Ankara". English.alarabiya.net. 2012-07-03. 27 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151127204031/http://english.alarabiya.net:80/articles/2012/07/03/224145.html.
- ↑ "Turkish police killed in clashes on Syrian border". Worldbulletin.net. 2013-05-02. 4 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160404161644/http://www.worldbulletin.net/?articleid=107960&atype=haber.
- ↑ "Syria's civil war spills violence across borders into Jordan, Lebanon". Associated Press. 22 October 2012. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/10/22/jordanian-soldier-killed-in-clash-with-militants-trying-to-slip-into-syria/. Erişim tarihi: 23 October 2012.
- ↑ "Syrian Refugees in Lebanon," The New York Times, September 5, 2013: UN says: 6.5 million displaced, of whom 2 million fled out of the country
- ↑ "Syria: A full-scale displacement and humanitarian crisis with no solutions in sight". 25 Ocak 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140125020216/http://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/syria., iDMC, Sep 2013: 5.1 million internally displaced ("forced to flee their homes because their lives were at danger, but did not cross international borders")
- ↑ "Dispatch: Syria's Internally Displaced Depend on Handouts". 25 Ocak 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140125102716/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/02/syrian-internally-displaced.html., UN, Feb 2013: 2.5 million internally displaced
- ↑ Source AAP UPDATED 8:44 AM - 29 Nov 2013 (2013-11-29). "Syrian refugees top three million mark: UN | SBS News". Sbs.com.au. 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160304203719/http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/11/29/syrian-refugees-top-three-million-mark-un. Erişim tarihi: 2014-01-03.
- ↑ "Syria's Meltdown Requires a U.S.-Led Response". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 22 March 2013. 27 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160327010233/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/syrias-meltdown-requires-a-u.s.-led-response.
- ↑ "Gundên Herêma Şehba Sazîyên Xwe Ava Dikin". VOA Kurdish. 2016-03-11. http://www.dengeamerika.com/a/kefarnaya/3231500.html.
- ↑ "Pilana nû ya Amerîka û Tirkiyeyê li ser herêma Şehba". Hawar News Agency (ANHA). 2016-05-16. http://ku.hawarnews.com/pilana-nu-ya-amerika-u-tirkiyeye-li-ser-herema-sehba/.
- ↑ "Ciwanên Şehbayê 3 çeteyên DAIŞ’ê kuştin". Hawar News Agency (ANHA). 2015-05-24. http://ku.hawarnews.com/ciwanen-sehbaye-3-ceteyen-daise-kustin/.
- 1 2 "Delegation from the Democratic administration of Self-participate of self-participate in the first and second conference of the Shaba region". 4 February 2016. 9 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160809175326/http://cantonafrin.com/en/news/view/1658.a-delegation-from-the-democratic-administration-of-self-participate-in-the-second-conference-of-the-el--shahba-region.html. Erişim tarihi: 12 June 2016.
- 1 2 "Executive Board of Democratic Syria Assembly elected". ANF Naws Desk. ANF (ANF News). 13 December 2015. http://anfenglish.com/kurdistan/executive-board-of-democratic-syria-assembly-elected. Erişim tarihi: 12 June 2016.
- ↑ "Notables and tribal areas Shahba Council issued the final statement of its founding congress". ANHA. hawarnews.com. 2 February 2016. http://www.hawarnews.com/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8/.
- ↑ "Interview with Ahmad Araj Member of the Executive Committee of the Syrian Democratic Council". dckurd.org. WKI (WKI). 18 March 2016. http://dckurd.org/2016/03/18/interview-with-ahmad-araj-member-of-the-political-commission-of-the-syrian-democratic-council/. Erişim tarihi: 12 June 2016.
- ↑ Salibi, Kamal S. (1990). A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. University of California Press. s. 154. ISBN 9780520071964.
- ↑ Tejel, Jordi (2008). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. s. 10. ISBN 9781134096435.
- ↑ "Exclusive: U.S.-backed Syria forces launch offensive for Manbij pocket - U.S. officials". 1 June 2016. 16 Haziran 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160616223139/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-offensive-idUSKCN0YN377. Erişim tarihi: 6 June 2016.
- ↑ "The Suriye Demokratik Güçleri reach 16 kilometers in the western countryside of Manbij and control about 100 villages.". SOHR. 11 June 2016. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2016/06/11/47283.
- ↑ "Syrian Democratic Forces aim to capture al-Bab, call for coalition support". ARA News. 15 August 2016. 27 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160827015658/http://aranews.net/2016/08/syrian-democratic-forces-aim-capture-al-bab-call-coalition-support/.
- ↑ "SDF withdraws from Manbij after liberation, handing city over to local council". aranews. 19 April 2016. 28 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160828083655/http://aranews.net/2016/08/22872/.
- ↑ "Manbij Military Council takes over the security of Manbij". ANF. 19 August 2016. 17 Eylül 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20160917152850/https://anfenglish.com/kurdistan/manbij-military-council-takes-over-the-security-of-manbij.