Bağdat Demiryolu

Bağdat Demiryolu'nun İskenderun ile Osmaniye hattında üstü açık yük vagonu çeken iki lokomotif, 1903.

Bağdat Demiryolu, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Konya'dan Bağdat'a ulaşmak üzere 1903 yılında yapımına başlanan 1600 km uzunluğundaki demiryolu hattıdır. İstanbul - Konya arasındaki Anadolu Demiryolları ve diğer bağlı hatlarla beraber 3.205 km'ye ulaşır. Zamanının en büyük alt yapı projelerinden biri olan demiryolunun inşası on yıllar sürmüştür. I. Dünya Savaşı'nın başında bile hattın tamamlanabilmesi için 960 km daha gerekiyordu. Hattın Bağdat'a uzanan kesimi ancak 1930'ların sonunda tamamlanabilmiş ve İstanbul'dan Bağdat'a ilk tren 1940'da yola çıkabilmiştir.

Demiryolunun (özellikle de Almanya tarafından) inşa edilmesi İngiltere'yi ve Rusya'yı oldukça rahatsız etmişti. Başlagıçta projenin İstanbul-Ankara-Sivas-Diyarbakır-Bağdat güzergahında inşa edilmesi planlanmıştı. Ancak Ruslar planlanan hattın kendi sınırlarına (o yıllarda Kars Rus toprağıydı) yakın olması ve olası bir Osmanlı müdahalesini kolaylaştıracağı için hattın inşa edilmesini istemiyordu. Aynı şekilde İngilizler de Hindistan'daki sömürge varlığına ve Mısır-Hindistan arasındaki deniz ticaretine zarar vereceği için hattın inşa edilmesini istemiyordu. Rusya'nın baskıları sonucu güzergah İstanbul-Konya-Halep-Bağdat olarak değiştirildi. Ancak demiryolu hala İngiliz sömürge toprakları için bir tehlike oluşturmaktaydı. İngilizler Basra Körfezi'ne kadar ulaşması planlanan demiryolunu engellemek için çok uğraştı. Demiryolu Osmanlı bakımından I. Dünya Savaşı'nın temel sebeplerinden biri oldu.

İstanbul, Sultanahmet'de bulunan Alman Çeşmesi, Bağdat Demiryolu'nun yapımının Alman firmalarına verilmesi üzerine Alman İmparatoru II. Wilhelm tarafından yaptırılmıştır.

niğde ulukışla çiftehan tren istasyonu
Bağdat Demiryolu üzerinde bulunan çiftehan istasyonu

Seferler

1914'te ülkelere göre demiryolu ağı[1]
Ülkeler Demiryolu uzunluğu
ABD 388.000
Almanya 64.000
Hindistan 55.000
Fransa 51.000
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu 5.759
Konya İstasyonu
Konya–Bağdat
Hat Uzunluğu:1597 km
Hat açıklığı:1435 mm
Geçtiği Topraklar: Türkiye, Suriye, Irak
Lejant
Straight track
Anadolu Demiryolları İstanbul Haydarpaşa Bağlantısı
Station on track
0,0 Konya
Station on track
20,4 Kaşınhan
Station on track
44,2 Çumra
Station on track
61,9 Arıkören
Station on track
80,6 Demiryurt
Station on track
102,3 Karaman
Station on track
119,0 Sudurağı
Station on track
147,8 Ayrancıderbent
Station on track
172 Böğecik
Station on track
189,2 Ereğli
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
193,3 Gazhane
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
198,9 Bulgurlu
Station on track
215,9 Çakmak
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
224,3 Osmancık
Junction from left
Ankara Bağlantısı
Straight track
230,0 Toroslar 1.478 m
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
235,2 Kardeşgediği
Station on track
237,6 Ulukışla 1.200 m
Enter and exit short tunnel
Toroslar 37 Tünel
Station on track
250,9 Gümüş
Enter and exit short tunnel
Toroslar 37 Tünel
Station on track
257,7 Tosundili
Enter and exit short tunnel
Toroslar 37 Tünel
Station on track
266,0 Çiftehan
Enter and exit short tunnel
Toroslar 37 Tünel
Station on track
281,6 Pozantı 780 m
Enter and exit short tunnel
Toroslar 37 Tünel
Station on track
291,3 Belemedik 700 m
Enter and exit short tunnel
Toroslar 37 Tünel
Enter and exit tunnel
299,4 – 303,2 Tünel 3.795 m
Enter and exit tunnel
303,6 – 305,7 Tünel 2.102 m
Station on track
306,1 Hacıkırı 600 m
Large bridge
307,1 Varda Köprüsü
Station on track
312,6 Karaisalıbucağı
Station on track
315,3 Kelebek
Station on track
328,1 Durak 140 m
Station on track
336,7 Topçu
Junction from right
Mersin Bağlantısı
Station on track
346,0 Yenice 30 m
Straight track
Mersin–Adana hattı
Station on track
348,5 Arıklı
Station on track
353,9 Zeytinli
Station on track
357,0 Dikili
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
360,2 Küçükdikili
Station on track
363,1 Şehitlik
Station on track
367,1 Şakirpaşa
Station on track
370,0 Adana
Station on track
374,0 Kiremithane
Station on track
380,8 İncirlik
Station on track
387,7 Cezaevi
Station on track
389,5 Kürkçüler
Station on track
396,8 Yakapınar
Station on track
404,2 Çakaldere
Station on track
411,3 Sirkeliköy
Station on track
417,9 Ceyhan
Station on track
430,7 Günyazı
Station on track
435,0 Yassıca
Station on track
448,3 Osmaniye
Junction both to and from right
İskenderun Bağlantısı
Station on track
457,2 Osmaniye
Station on track
466,8 Mamure
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
471,5 Şekerdere
Station on track
479,6 Yarbaşı
Station on track
485,9 Taşoluk
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
489,4 Nohut
Station on track
493,0 Bahçe
Station on track
495,4 Bahçeşehir
Enter and exit tunnel
Amanos Dağları Tünelleri
Station on track
500,9 Ayran
Enter and exit tunnel
Bahçe-Tünel (8 km, Scheiteltunnel)
Track turning from left Unknown BSicon "ABZ3rf" Track turning from right
Abzweig türkische Bagdadbahn
Station on track Straight track
Şablon:BSkm Fevzipaşa
Unknown BSicon "eBHF" Straight track
515,2 Hanağzı
Station on track Straight track
520,7 İslahiye

Şablon:BS3e

Unknown BSicon "eBHF" Unknown BSicon "exSTR" Straight track
531,2 Güvercinlik
Station on track Unknown BSicon "exSTR" Straight track
544,6 Tahtaköprü

Şablon:BS3e

Restricted border on track Straight track
Türkiye-Suriye Sınırı
Station on track Straight track
Şablon:BSkm Meydan Ekbaz
Station on track Straight track
9,8 Radschu
Station on track Straight track
15,3 Kurt-Kulac
Station on track Straight track
26,5 Afrin
Station on track Straight track
32,3 Kafar Jana
Station on track Straight track
36,6 Katma
Station on track Straight track
43,1 Azez
Station on track Straight track
49,3 Tell er-Rifat
Station on track Straight track
75,3 Asras
Junction from right Straight track
Al-Tschachba-Zementfabrik
Junction from left Track turning from right Straight track
Station on track Straight track Straight track
Şablon:BSkm Müslimiyye
Junction to right Straight track Straight track
Arabian Cement Co.
Unknown BSicon "eABZlg" Straight track Straight track
Babennes-Zementfabrik
Unknown BSicon "eABZlg" Straight track Straight track
Halab-Kokerei
Station on track Straight track Straight track
100,1 Halep
Track turning left Straight track Straight track
Şam Bağlantısı
Unknown BSicon "eBHF" Straight track
16,5 Ta’an
Unknown BSicon "eBHF" Straight track
32,1 Achtarin
Station on track Straight track
45,0 ar-Ra’y
Restricted border on track Straight track
Türkiye-Suriye Sınırı
Station on track Straight track
59,7 Çobanbeyli
Unknown BSicon "eBHF" Straight track
80,6 Akkoyunlu
Unknown BSicon "eBHF" Straight track
101,2 Oncüler
Unknown BSicon "eBHF" Straight track
104,1 Arslanlı
Straight track Station on track
10,0 Kozdere
Straight track Station on track
14,0 Nurdağ
Straight track Station on track
28,6 Beyoğlu
Straight track Station on track
40,6 Türkoğlu
Straight track Station on track
49,6 Sevendik
Straight track Junction from left
Kahramanmaraş Bağlantısı
Straight track Station on track
53,2 Köprüağzı
Straight track Station on track
Şablon:BSkm Narlı
Straight track Junction to left
Malatya Bağlantısı
Straight track Station on track
20,6 Salmanlı
Straight track Station on track
24,8 Konakoba
Straight track Station on track
27,8 Keleş (Pazarcık)
Straight track Station on track
39,2 Akçagöze
Straight track Station on track
59,0 Şehitarif
Straight track Station on track
71,6 Dülük
Straight track Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
75,6 Beylerbeyi
Straight track Junction from right
Gaziantep Şarap Fabrikası
Straight track Station on track
84,0 Gaziantep
Straight track Station on track
89,3 Mustafayavuz
Straight track Station on track
100,2 Hayrat
Straight track Station on track
114,6 Türkyurdu
Straight track Station on track
121,3 Yuva
Straight track Station on track
133,4 Nizip
Straight track Station on track
141,5 Bozalıoğlu
Straight track Station on track
144,5 Bağlıca
Straight track Station on track
147,7 Tilmyen
Straight track Station on track
153,5 Yeşildağ
Straight track Station on track
156,0 Bayındır
Straight track Station on track
159,0 Kumulca
Straight track Station on track
161,1 Elifoğlu
Straight track Station on track
165,5 Tosunlar
Straight track Station on track
169,5 Türkburcu
Junction from left Track turning right
Station on track
Şablon:BSkm Karkamışeski: Cerablus
Bridge over water
Fırat
Station on track
189,0 Göksu
Station on track
200,4 Mutluca
Station on track
212,6 Mürşitpınar
Station on track
232,9 Bekçiler
Station on track
253,8 Gültepe
Station on track
273,8 Akçakaleeski: Tell Abyad
Station on track
294,4 Zenginova
Station on track
315,0 Goçar
Station on track
336,5 Sayarlıeski: et-Tu'aim
Station on track
358,1 Gökçayır
Station on track
377,9 Ceylanpınareski: Resulayn
Station on track
399,6 Gürpınar
Station on track
416,8 Akdoğan
Junction to left
Alaki Çimento Fabrikası
Station on track
440,0 Şenyurteski: Derbisiye
Junction to left
nach Mardin
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
454,0 Arpatepe
Station on track
462,2 Toruntepe
Station on track
483,6 Serçehan
Station on track
498,6 Nusaybin
Restricted border on track
Staatsgrenze Türkei–Syrien
Non-passenger station/depot on track
503,7 Kamışlı 2 Bağlantısı
Junction both to and from right
Kamışlı 1 Bağlantısı
Non-passenger station/depot on track
510,0 Tell Ziwan
Station on track
529,0 Kabur al-Bid
Station on track
551,0 Umm Qaif-Faukani
Station on track
552,0 Demir Kapı, Suriye
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
562,0 Tall Hadsch
Station on track
586,7 al-Yarubiyyafrüher: Tall Kutschak
Restricted border on track
Suriye-Irak Sınırı
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
608,0 Abu Hudschaira
Station on track
615,3 Tall al-Uwainat
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
638,5 Tall-Hugna
Station on track
649,6 al-Wa’ailiyya
Station on track
671,2 Abtir
Station on track
677,0 as-Sabuniyya
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
697,0 Hayy al-Yarmuk
Station on track
702,6 Musul
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
707.0 Abu Saif
Station on track
716,0 al-Qasr
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
724,9 Hammam al-Alail
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
734,0 Munira
Station on track
748,7 ath-Thaura
Junction from left
Nika’a Bağlantısı
Station on track
757,1 Schuwairat
Station on track
765,0 al-Kais
Station on track
773,7 Qayyara
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
Tall Azba
Station on track
786,6 Wadi al-Murr
Station on track
803,5 al-Dscharnaf
Unknown BSicon "eABZlf" Unknown BSicon "exSTRlg"
(Streckenverlegung)
Unknown BSicon "eABZrg" Unknown BSicon "exSTRrf"
Station on track
826,6 Tulul al-Baq
Station on track
837,1 Umm Ghurba
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
844,0 asch-Scharqat
Station on track
855,6 Ain Dais
Junction to left Track turning from right
Station on track Straight track
867,6 al-Haliwat
Station on track Straight track
896,2 Baidschi
Straight track Station on track
860,0 Aran
Straight track Station on track
868,0 al-Haliwat
Straight track Junction from left
Düngemittelfabrik Baidschi
Straight track Junction from left
Kerkük Bağlantısı
Straight track Station on track
896,0 Schuraimiyya
Track turning from left Track turning right Straight track
Straight track Track turning from left Track turning right
Unknown BSicon "ABZglr" Unknown BSicon "ABZglr" Track turning from right
nach al-Haqlaniyya
Unknown BSicon "KRZu" Track turning right Straight track
nach al-Haqlaniyya
Track turning left Unknown BSicon "ABZ+lr" Track turning right
899,0
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
909,6 Abu Radschasch
Station on track
914,2 Qalʿat Rayyasch
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
916,9 Ausweichstelle Abu Radschasch
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
924,1 Imam Makarim
Station on track
936,2 Tıkrit
Station on track
952,5 İmam Dur
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
954,7 Daur
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
960,3 Daur-Streckenposten
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
967,6 Makafascha
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
970,0 Muhaidschir
Station on track
977,6 el-Abbassiyye
Station on track
982,9 el-Adschik
Station on track
990,9 Samarra
Unknown BSicon "eABZlf" Unknown BSicon "exSTRlg"
Şablon:BSkm
Straight track Unknown BSicon "exBHF"
25,6 Istabular
Straight track Unknown BSicon "exBHF"
Ahal Ghidhab
Straight track Unknown BSicon "exBHF"
5,0 Ausweichstelle Harbi
Station on track Unknown BSicon "exSTR"
1013.2 al-Ischaqi
Station on track Unknown BSicon "exSTR"
1031,6 Balad
Unknown BSicon "eABZrg" Unknown BSicon "exSTRrf"
Şablon:BSkm
Station on track
1049,6 Sumaitschach
Junction to left
1051,0 nach Sadiyye Bağlantısı
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
1051,0 ad-Dudschail
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
1062,0 Nabiriyyat
Station on track
1069,4 al-Muschachada
Junction from left
1084,8 Kala Asım al-Muhammed Bağlantısı
Station on track
1090,6 al-Tadschi
Junction to right
1094,0 zur Hadschim-as-Sagam-Gasraffinerie
Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
1097,0 Tha’alibach
Junction from right
1101,0 von Bagdad-Flughafen und al-Qa’im
Junction both to and from right
Basra Bağlantısı
End station
1109,6 Bağdat Batı

Ayrıca Bakınız

  1. Greenwood Press Ordered to Die, A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War (2001), s.16
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