Anglo-Irak Savaşı
Anglo-Irak Savaşı | |||||||
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II. Dünya Savaşı Akdeniz, Orta Doğu ve Afrika Cepheleri | |||||||
İngiliz askerleri Bağdat'a bakıyor, 11 Haziran 1941. | |||||||
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Taraflar | |||||||
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Irak Almanya[6] İtalya[7] Destek: Vichy Fransası | ||||||
Komutanlar ve liderler | |||||||
Claude Auchinleck Archibald Wavell[8] Edward Quinan[9] William Fraser[8] H. G. Smart[10] Ouvry Roberts John D'Albiac Abdülillah |
Raşid Ali Geylani Salah ed-Din es-Sabbagh Kamal Shabib Fahmi Said Mahmud Salman Werner Junck | ||||||
Güçler | |||||||
1 Piyade Tümeni[11] 2 Tugay[nb 4] 100+ uçak[nb 5] |
4 tümen[12] 21–29 Alman uçağı[6][15] 12 İtalyan uçağı[7] | ||||||
Kayıplar | |||||||
Küçük kayıp [16] 28 uçak[17] |
1,750 kayıp, 500 ölü dahil[16] çok kullanışlı Irak uçağı[18] 19 Alman uçağı[7] 3 İtalyan uçağı[7] |
Anglo-Irak Savaşı, II. Dünya Savaşı esnasında Birleşik Krallık ve Irak'ın Raşid Ali Geylani'nin asi hükümeti arasında bir çatışmadır. 2-31 Mayıs 1941 tarihleri arasında yer almıştır. Harekat, Irak'tan sürülen Abdülillah'ı destekleyen İngiliz silahlı kuvvetleri tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Savaş, sürgünde ki kralın Irak'a dönüşü ve tüm Irak'ın yeniden Britanya tarafından işgaliyle sonuçlandı. Bu sonuç, Britanya tarafından desteklenen Haşimoğulları monarşisine karşı Irak'ta milliyetçi direnişi daha fazla alevlendirmiştir.
Raşid Ali ve onun destekçileri, Almanya ile birlik olurken, savaş, Irak'ın bağımsızlığının, hükümet hareketlerinin İngiliz onayında en iyi koşullu cümlede olduğunu gösterdi. Savaşı kaybeden asi hükümetinin başı Raşid Ali Geylani ve Kudüs müftüsü İran'a, sonra Türkiye'ye, sonra İtalya'ya ve sonunda Hitler tarafından karşılandığı Almanya'ya, Berlin'e kaçtı. Berlin'den yayınlamaya devam ettiği propagandalarla, müftü, Müslümanları, Britanyalılara karşı savaşa ve Alman ile İtalyan kuvvetlerine yardıma çağırmaya devam etti. Aynı zamanda, Balkanlar'da, Waffen-SS için savaşan Müslüman gönüllülere yardım etti.
Dipnotlar
- ↑ On 30 May Rashid Ali and his supporters fled to Persia. At 4 a.m. on 31 May, the Mayor of Baghdad signed an armistice on a bridge across the Washash Canal.[2]
- ↑ HMAS Yarra, representing Avustralya, participated at sea.[4]
- ↑ HMNZS Leander, representing New Zealand, participated at sea.[5]
- ↑ See Iraqforce; Habforce constituted one reinforced Brigade group while the force based at RAF Habbaniya constituted the other.
- ↑ 85 uçak RAF Habbaniya'da.[12][13] 18 bombers were flown into RAF Shaibah as reinforcements[10] while No. 244 Squadron RAF was already based there equipped with Vicker Vincents.[13] No. 84 Squadron RAF was rebased to RAF Aqir, in Palestine, to support British ground forces during the rebellion.[13] Four Bristol Blenheims of No. 203 Squadron RAF were flown to RAF Lydda, also in Palestine, to fly combat missions over Iraq.[13]
- ↑ Playfair (1956), pp. 182–183
- ↑ Playfair (1956), pp. 192, 332
- ↑ Young, p. 7
- ↑ Wavell, p. 4094
- ↑ Waters, p. 24
- 1 2 Playfair (1956), p. 195
- 1 2 3 4 Playfair (1956), p. 196
- 1 2 Playfair (1956), p. 186
- 1 2 Playfair (1956), p. 179
- 1 2 Playfair (1956), p. 183
- ↑ Mackenzie, p. 101
- 1 2 Playfair (1956), p. 182
- 1 2 3 4 Jackson, p. 159
- ↑ Lyman, pp. 25–26
- ↑ Mackenzie, p. 100
- 1 2 Wavell, p. 3439
- ↑ Playfair (1956), p. 193
- ↑ Lyman, p. 48
Kaynakça
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- Auchinleck, Claude (1946). Despatch on Operations in the Middle East From 5th July, 1941 to 31st October 1941. London: War Office.
- Churchill, Winston (1985) [1950]. "Chapter 14: The Revolt in Iraq". The Second World War, Volume III, The Grand Alliance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-41057-6.
- Jackson, Ashley (2006). The British Empire and the Second World War. Hambledon Continuum. ISBN 1-85285-417-0.
- Kiwarkis, Gaby. "Assyrian R.A.F. Levies". http://assyrianlevies.com.
- Kurowski, Franz (2005). The Brandenburger Commandos: Germany's Elite Warrior Spies in World War II. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Book. ISBN 13: 978-08117-3250-5, 10: 0-8117-3250-9.
- Lyman, Robert (2006). Iraq 1941: The Battles for Basra, Habbaniya, Fallujah and Baghdad. Campaign. Oxford, New York: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-991-6.
- Mackenzie, Compton. Eastern Epic: Volume 1 September 1939-March 1943 Defence. London: Chatto & Windus. OCLC 59637091.
- Martin, Colonel Thomas Alexander (1952). The Essex Regiment, 1929-1950. Essex Regiment Association.
- Mead, Richard (2007). Churchill's Lions: A biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II. Stroud (UK): Spellmount. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0.
- Peretz, Don (2004). The Middle East Today. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-027594-576-3.
- Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; with Stitt, Commander G.M.S.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1954]. Butler, J.R.M. ed. The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume I The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-065-3.
- Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; with Flynn R.N., Captain F.C.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1956]. Butler, J.R.M. ed. The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-066-1.
- Royal Air Force. "RAF Valley No 4 Flying Training School". http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafvalley/aboutus/4ftshist.cfm.
- Royal Air Force Museum. "Royal Air Force Museum". http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk.
- Rodger, Alexander (2003). Battle Honours of the British Empire and Commonwealth Land Forces. Marlborough: The Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-637-5.
- Saunders, Hilary Adrian St. George; Richards, Denis (1953). Volume I: The Fight at Odds. The Royal Air Force 1939-1945. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
- Thomas, David A. (1972). Nazi Victory: Crete 1941. New York: Stein and Day.
- Waters, S. D. (2008). H.M.N.Z.S. Leander. Wellington, New Zealand: Merriam Press. ISBN 978-1-4357-5892-6.
- Wavell, Archibald (1946). Despatch on Operations in the Middle East From 7th February, 1941 to 15th July 1941. London: War Office.
- Wavell, Archibald (1946). Despatch on Operations in Iraq, East Syria and Iran from 10th April, 1941 to 12th January, 1942. London: War Office.
- Weal, John (1999). Messerschmitt Bf 110 Zerstorer Aces of World War 2. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 1 855327538.
- Wilson, Maitland (1946). Despatch on the Persia and Iraq Command Covering the Period from 21st August, 1942, to 17th February, 1943. London: War Office.
- Young, Peter (1972). The Arab Legion. Men-at-Arms. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0850450845.
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