Avrupa'daki en yüksek binaların listesi
Avrupa'nın en yüksek binaları listesi Avrupa'daki gökdelenleri yüksekliklerine göre sıralar. Önceleri Frankfurt, Londra, Paris, Varşova ve Moskova gibi az sayıdaki finansal merkezde gökdelenler bulunurken; son yıllarda gökdelen inşaası aralarında Amsterdam, Bakü, Barselona, Brüksel, İstanbul, Katowice, Lizbon, Lyon, Madrid, Manchester, Milano, Napoli, Rotterdam, Valensiya'nın da bulunduğu pek çok şehire yayılmıştır. Halen birkaç Avrupa şehri, 100 metreden yüksek 10'dan fazla gökdelene sahiptir. İstanbul (>100), Paris (72), Moskova (>50), Londra (52), Frankfurt (30), Varşova (21), Rotterdam (17), Madrid (15), Barselona (14), Berlin (13), Milano (13), Kiev (11), Napoli (10).
Avrupa'nın En Yüksek Gökdelenleri
Bu liste Avrupa'da bulunan, standart ölçü birimine göre en az 140 metre yüksekliğe sahip binaları sıralar. Ölçüm, kuleler ve mimari detayları kapsar ancak anten direklerini kapsamaz. Mevcut inşaatlar şimdiki yüksekliğine göre listede yer alır. Liste zirveye ulaşmış ancak inşaası devam eden binaları da kapsar.
İsim | Şehir | Ülke | Yükseklik A (metre) | Yükseklik A (feet) | Kat | İnşa yılı |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Federation: Vostok Tower | Moskova | 373.7 | 1,227 | 95 | 2015 | |
OKO: South Tower | Moskova | 354.1 | 1,154 | 85 | 2015 | |
Mercury City Tower | Moskova | 338.9 | 1,112 | 75 | 2013 | |
The Shard[1] | London | 309.6 | 1,016 | 87 | 2012 | |
Eurasia[2] | Moskova | 308.9 | 1,013 | 72 | 2014 | |
CoC: Moscow Tower[3][4] | Moskova | 301.6 | 990 | 76 | 2010 | |
Naberezhnaya Tower C | Moskova | 290 | 881 | 59 | 2007 | |
Triumph Palace[5] | Moskova | 289 | 867 | 57 | 2005 | |
Commerzbank Tower[6] | Frankfurt | 285 | 849 | 56 | 1997 | |
CoC: Saint Petersburg Tower[3][7] | Moskova | 282 | 843 | 65 | 2010 | |
Messeturm | Frankfurt | 279 | 842 | 55 | 1990 | |
Evolution Tower[8] | Moskova | 278 | 837 | 53 | 2014 | |
Torre Bankia | Madrid | 277 | 820 | 45 | 2008 | |
Istanbul Sapphire | Istanbul | 261 | 817 | 54 | 2011 | |
Torre de Cristal | Madrid | 261 | 817 | 45 | 2008 | |
OKO Office Tower[9] | Moskova | 259 | 804 | 49 | 2014 | |
Federation: West Tower | Moskova | 259 | 795 | 62 | 2007 | |
Moscow State University | Moskova | 257 | 787 | 36 | 1953 | |
Imperia Tower | Moskova | 255 | 783 | 60 | 2011 | |
Kültür ve Bilim Sarayı | Varşova | 237 | 779 | 43 | 1955 | |
Torre PwC | Madrid | 236 | 774 | 52 | 2008 | |
1 Canada Square | London | 235 | 771 | 50 | 1991 | |
Tour First | ParisB | 231 | 758 | 56 | 2011 | |
Unicredit Tower | Milan | 231 | 758 | 35 | 2011 | |
Heron Tower | London | 230 | 755 | 46 | 2011 | |
Torre Espacio | Madrid | 228 | 750 | 57 | 2008 | |
Leadenhall Building | London | 225 | 738 | 48 | 2014 | |
DC Towers: Tower 1[10] | Vienna | 220 | 722 | 60 | 2013 | |
House on Mosfilmovskaya 2[11] | Moskova | 213.3 | 700 | 54 | 2011[12] | |
Sky Tower[13] | Wrocław | 212 | 696 | 50 | 2012 | |
Spine Tower | Istanbul | 217 | 693 | 56 | 2013 | |
Tour Montparnasse | Paris | 210 | 689 | 59 | 1972 | |
Iset tower | Yekaterinburg | 209 | 686 | 52 | 2015 | |
SOCAR Tower | Baku | 209 | 686 | 42 | 2014 | |
Warsaw Trade Tower | Warsaw | 208 | 682 | 43 | 1999 | |
Westend Tower | Frankfurt | 208 | 682 | 53 | 1993 | |
CityLife - Isozaki Tower[14] | Milan | 207 | 810 | 50 | 2015 | |
Millennium Tower | Vienna | 202 | 663 | 51 | 1999 | |
Tour Incity | Lyon | 202 | 663 | 39 | 2015 | |
Folkart Towers A | Izmir | 200 | 656 | 47 | 2013 | |
Folkart Towers B | Izmir | 200 | 656 | 47 | 2014 | |
Batumi Technical University[15] | Batumi | 200 | 656 | 35 | 2012 | |
Tower 185 | Frankfurt | 200 | 656 | 50 | 2011 | |
Main Tower | Frankfurt | 200 | 656 | 55 | 1999 | |
Intempo | Benidorm | 200 | 656 | 47 | 2013 | |
25 Canada Square | London | 200 | 656 | 45 | 2001 | |
8 Canada Square | London | 200 | 656 | 45 | 2002 | |
Hotel Ukraine | Moskova | 198 | 650 | 34 | 1955 | |
Varyap Meridian Grand Tower 1 | Istanbul | 198 | 650 | 57 | 2012 | |
Tour Majunga | Paris | 195 | 545 | 45 | 2014 | |
Anthill Residence 1[16] | Istanbul | 194.5 | 638 | 54 | 2011 | |
Anthill Residence 2[17] | Istanbul | 194.5 | 638 | 54 | 2011 | |
Tricolor Tower A[18] | Moskova | 194 | 636 | 56 | 2013 | |
Mirax-Plaza Tower A[19] | Moskova | 193 | 633 | 47 | 2015 | |
Złota 44 | Warsaw | 192 | 630 | 54 | 2012 | |
Vysotsky Tower[20] | Yekaterinburg | 192 | 630 | 50 | 2011 | |
Rondo 1[21] | Warsaw | 192 | 630 | 40 | 2006 | |
Continental[22] | Moskova | 191 | 627 | 48 | 2011 | |
BT Tower | LondonB | 191 | 627 | 34 | 1966 | |
Tour Total | ParisB | 190 | 620 | 48 | 1985 | |
HSB Turning Torso | Malmö | 190 | 620 | 57 | 2005 | |
Tour CB21 | ParisB | 187 | 614 | 42 | 1974 | |
Gran Hotel Bali | Benidorm | 187 | 614 | 52 | 2002 | |
Trianon | Frankfurt | 186 | 610 | 45 | 1993 | |
Rönesans Tower | Istanbul | 186 | 610 | 40 | 2014 | |
Seat of the European Central Bank | Frankfurt | 185 | 607 | 45 | 2014 | |
Tour GDF Suez | ParisB | 185 | 607 | 36 | 2008 | |
Tour Areva | ParisB | 184 | 604 | 44 | 1974 | |
Tour Granite | ParisB | 184 | 604 | 36 | 2008 | |
Tower 42 | London | 183 | 600 | 47 | 1980 | |
Flame Tower 1 | Baku | 182 | 597 | 39 | 2013 | |
St George Wharf Tower | London | 181 | 594 | 49 | 2013 | |
Isbank Tower 1 | Istanbul | 181 | 594 | 52 | 2000 | |
My Towerland 1 | Istanbul | 181 | 594 | 52 | 2013 | |
Cajasol Tower | Seville | 181 | 594 | 43 | 2015 | |
Varyap Meridian Tower 2[23] | Istanbul | 180 | 591 | 45 | 2013 | |
Nida Palladium Tower | Istanbul | 180 | 591 | 40 | 2014 | |
30 St Mary Axe | London | 180 | 590 | 41 | 2003 | |
Sparrow Hills Tower II[24] | Moskova | 178 | 584 | 48 | 2004 | |
Mertim Tower | Mersin | 177 | 580 | 52 | 1987 | |
Edelweiss | Moskova | 176 | 577 | 43 | 2003 | |
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment | Moskova | 176 | 577 | 32 | 1952 | |
Aliye Parusa 2[25] | Moskova | 175.6 | 576 | 48 | 2003 | |
Akasya Tower | Istanbul | 175 | 565 | 55 | 2014 | |
Avaz Twist Tower | Sarajevo | 175 | 42 | 38 | 2009 | |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Moskova | 175 | 564 | 27 | 1953 | |
Nordstar Tower[26] | Moskova | 175 | 563 | 42 | 2009 | |
Tour D2 | Paris | 175 | 525 | 37 | 2014 | |
Şişli Plaza | Istanbul | 175 | 558 | 46 | 2007 | |
Özdilek 1 | Istanbul | 175 | 558 | 38 | 2014 | |
Soyak Tower | Istanbul | 175 | 558 | 40 | 2014 | |
Terrace Tema | Istanbul | 175 | 558 | 39 | 2014 | |
Levent 199 | Istanbul | 175 | 558 | 40 | 2014 | |
Opernturm | Frankfurt | 175 | 558 | 42 | 2009 | |
Taunusturm | Frankfurt | 175 | 558 | 40 | 2014 | |
Spinnaker Tower | Manchester | 175 | 558 | 4 | 2005 | |
Beetham Tower | Manchester | 174 | 554 | 50 | 2006 | |
Klovsky Tower | Kiev | 173 | 554 | 48 | 2013 | |
Tekstilkent Plaza 1 | Istanbul | 173 | 551 | 44 | 2000 | |
Tekstilkent Plaza 2 | Istanbul | 172 | 551 | 44 | 2000 | |
Mirax-Plaza Tower B[27] | Moskova | 168 | 551 | 41 | 2015 | |
Torre Intesa Sanpaolo | Turin | 172 | 548 | 39 | 2013 | |
Tour Alicante | ParisC | 172 | 548 | 37 | 1995 | |
Tour Chassagne | ParisC | 172 | 548 | 37 | 1995 | |
Maslak 42 1 | Istanbul | 171 | 548 | 42 | 2014 | |
Maslak 42 2 | Istanbul | 171 | 548 | 42 | 2014 | |
Swissôtel Krasnye Holmy[28] | Moskova | 170.5 | 546 | 34 | 2005 | |
Tour Carpe Diem | Paris | 170 | 545 | 34 | 2013 | |
Silberturm | Frankfurt | 170 | 545 | 32 | 1978 | |
Flame Tower 2 | Baku | 169 | 541 | 36 | 2013 | |
Maastoren | Rotterdam | 169 | 541 | 35 | 2009 | |
Tour Part Dieu | Lyon | 169 | 541 | 42 | 1977 | |
Tour EDF | ParisD | 169 | 541 | 41 | 2001 | |
Selenium Twins 1 [29] | Istanbul | 169 | 541 | 34 | 2008 | |
Selenium Twins 2 [29] | Istanbul | 169 | 541 | 34 | 2008 | |
Iberdrola Tower | Bilbao | 169 | 541 | 40 | 2011 | |
Broadgate Tower | London | 168.3 | 539 | 35 | 2009 | |
Varyap Meridian Tower 3[30] | Istanbul | 168 | 538 | 41 | 2012 | |
InterContinental Warsaw | Warsaw | 168 | 536 | 45 | 2003 | |
Seljuk Tower | Konya | 167 | 535 | 42 | 2006 | |
BT Tower[31] | Birmingham | 163 | 535 | 42 | 2002 | |
West Tower [32] | Liverpool | 162 | 531 | 37 | 2001 | |
Well House na Leninskom[33] | Moskova | 162 | 531 | 46 | 2009 | |
Flame Tower 3 | Baku | 161 | 528 | 28 | 2013 | |
Palazzo Lombardia[34] | Milan | 161.3 | 529 | 43 | 2010 | |
Cœur Défense | ParisB | 161 | 528 | 40 | 2001 | |
Sparrow Hills Tower I[35] | Moskova | 161 | 528 | 43 | 2004 | |
Sparrow Hills Tower III[36] | Moskova | 161 | 528 | 43 | 2004 | |
Cosmopolitan Twarda 2/4 | Warsaw | 160 | 525 | 42 | 2012 | |
20 Fenchurch Street | Cardiff | 160 | 525 | 34 | 2014 | |
Kudrinskaya Square [37] | Moskova | 160 | 525 | 22 | 1954 | |
Sky Tower 1[38] | Istanbul | 160 | 525 | 42 | 2010 | |
Exen Plaza | Istanbul | 160 | 525 | 42 | 2010 | |
Westend Gate | Frankfurt | 159 | 522 | 47 | 1976 | |
Rixos Bomonti Residence | Istanbul | 159 | 522 | 42 | 2012 | |
Akbank Tower | Istanbul | 158 | 518 | 39 | 1993 | |
Torre Lugano [39] | Benidorm | 158 | 518 | 43 | 2008 | |
New Orleans[40] | Rotterdam | 158 | 518 | 45 | 2010 | |
Torre Picasso | Madrid | 157 | 515 | 43 | 1988 | |
Four Winds 1 | Istanbul | 156 | 512 | 49 | 2013 | |
Four Winds 2 | Istanbul | 156 | 512 | 49 | 2013 | |
Four Winds 3 | Istanbul | 156 | 512 | 49 | 2013 | |
Four Winds 4 | Istanbul | 156 | 512 | 49 | 2013 | |
Parus Business Centre | Kiev | 156 | 512 | 34 | 2007 | |
UFC building | Swansea | 156 | 512 | 32 | 2004 | |
Park Arkon Residence 1 | Istanbul | 155 | 509 | 39 | 2013 | |
Torre Eurosky | Rome | 155 | 509 | 35 | 2012 | |
Tour Adria | ParisB | 155 | 509 | 40 | 2002 | |
Tour Egée | ParisB | 155 | 509 | 40 | 1999 | |
Deutsche Bank Tower I | 155 | 509 | 40 | 1984 | ||
Deutsche Bank Tower II | Frankfurt | 155 | 509 | 38 | 1984 | |
Trump Towers Istanbul[41] | Istanbul | 155 | 508 | 39 | 2010 | |
Hotel Arts Barcelona | Barcelona | 154 | 505 | 44 | 1992 | |
Torre Mapfre | Barcelona | 154 | 505 | 40 | 1992 | |
Skyper | Frankfurt | 154 | 505 | 38 | 2004 | |
Uprise Elite [41] | Istanbul | 154 | 505 | 42 | 2010 | |
Süzer Plaza Ritz-Carlton [41] | Istanbul | 154 | 504 | 34 | 1998 | |
25 Bank Street | London | 153 | 502 | 33 | 2003 | |
40 Bank Street | London | 153 | 502 | 33 | 2003 | |
Bluehall building | Southampton | 153 | 502 | 35 | 2014 | |
Polat Tower Residence [42] | Istanbul | 153 | 500 | 40 | 2001 | |
Jaguar Tower | Birmingham | 152 | 500 | 31 | 1963 | |
Blackpool tower | Blackpool | 152 | 499 | 36 | 1975 | |
Gebouw Delftse Poort 1[43] | Rotterdam | 151 | 497 | 41 | 1992 | |
Torre Pontina[44] | Latina | 151 | 495 | 37 | 2010 | |
PRISMA[45][46] | Yekaterinburg | 151 | 495 | 37 | 2009 | |
Gazprom [47] | Moskova | 151 | 495 | 35 | 1994 | |
10 Upper Bank Street | London | 151 | 495 | 32 | 2003 | |
Avenue 77 block 1[48][49] | Glasgow | 151 | 495 | 45 | 2008 | |
Avenue 77 block 2[48][49] | Glasgow | 151 | 495 | 45 | 2008 | |
Avenue 77 block 3[48][49] | Moskova | 151 | 495 | 45 | 2008 | |
arch-City Towers | Newcastle | 150 | 492 | 40 | 2015 | |
Istanbloom | Istanbul | 150 | 492 | 44 | 2013 | |
Hochhaus Neue Donau [50] | Vienna | 150 | 492 | 34 | 2001 | |
Tour Les Poissons | Paris | 150 | 492 | 42 | 1970 | |
South Tower | Brussels | 150 | 492 | 38 | 1967 | |
Rembrandt Tower[51] | Amsterdam | 150 | 492 | 36 | 1995 | |
Dumankaya Ikon 1 | Istanbul | 149 | 489 | 41 | 2013 | |
Dumankaya Ikon 2 | Istanbul | 149 | 489 | 41 | 2013 | |
Dumankaya Ikon 3 | Istanbul | 149 | 489 | 41 | 2013 | |
De Rotterdam | Rotterdam | 149 | 489 | 43 | 2013 | |
Europa Tower | Vilnius | 149 | 489 | 33 | 2004 | |
KölnTurm[52] | Cologne | 148 | 486 | 43 | 2001 | |
Eurotower | Frankfurt | 148 | 486 | 39 | 1977 | |
Strata SE1 | London | 148 | 486 | 43 | 2010 | |
Özdilek Plaza 2 | Istanbul | 148 | 486 | 37 | 2014 | |
Pan Peninsula | London | 147.4 | 484 | 48 | 2008 | |
Sun Plaza [53] | Istanbul | 147 | 482 | 38 | 2005 | |
Colonia-Hochhaus | Cologne | 147 | 482 | 42 | 1972 | |
House in Sokolniki [54] | Moskova | 146.9 | 482 | 43 | 2008 | |
Ministry of S&J[55] | The Hague | 146 | 479 | 37 | 2012 | |
Ministry of I&KR | The Hague | 146 | 479 | 37 | 2012 | |
Hochaus Uptown München [56] | Munich | 146 | 479 | 38 | 2004 | |
Tour CMA-CGM[57] | Marsilya | 145 | 482 | 33 | 2009 | |
Finance Tower[58] | Brussels | 145 | 476 | 36 | 1984 | |
Rogier Tower[59] | Brussels | 145 | 476 | 38 | 2006 | |
Jen-Tower | Jena | 145 | 476 | 30 | 1973 | |
Neguri Gane [60] | Benidorm | 145 | 476 | 40 | 2002 | |
Trump Towers Istanbul[61] | Istanbul | 145 | 475 | 37 | 2010 | |
Torre Agbar | Barcelona | 144.4 | 474 | 33 | 2004 | |
Tour Bretagne | Nantes | 144 | 472 | 37 | 1976 | |
Warsaw Financial Center[62] | Warsaw | 144 | 472 | 35 | 1998 | |
Torre Solaria [63] | Milan | 143 | 469 | 37 | 2013 | |
Metrocity Tower 2 | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 35 | 2000 | |
Metrocity Tower 3 | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 35 | 2000 | |
TAT Tower 1 [61] | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 34 | 2000 | |
TAT Tower 2 | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 34 | 2000 | |
Metrocity Tower 1 | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 31 | 2000 | |
IFC Bomonti Hotel | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 35 | 2013 | |
Tour Pleyel | ParisE | 143 | 469 | 38 | 1973 | |
Guy's Tower | London | 142.6 | 468 | 34 | 1974 | |
Leader Tower | Saint-Petersburg | 142.5 | 468 | 42 | 2013 | |
Tour Dexia | ParisB | 142 | 466 | 36 | 2005 | |
City-Haus[64] | Frankfurt | 142 | 466 | 42 | 1974 | |
Frankfurter Büro Center[65] | Frankfurt | 142 | 466 | 40 | 1980 | |
City-Hochhaus Leipzig[66] | Leipzig | 142 | 466 | 36 | 1971 | |
Hoftoren | The Hague | 142 | 466 | 30 | 2003 | |
Westpoint Tower | Tilburg | 142 | 466 | 48 | 2004 | |
Torre de Madrid | Madrid | 142 | 466 | 37 | 1957 | |
Sea Towers | Gdynia | 141.6 | 464 | 36 | 2009 | |
Gulliver | Kiev | 141 | 463 | 35 | 2012 | |
Ušće Tower | Belgrade | 141 | 463 | 25 | 1961 | |
Torre Diamante | Milan | 140 | 459 | 30 | 2012 | |
Montevideo | Rotterdam | 140 | 459 | 43 | 2005 | |
Centrum LIM[67] | Warsaw | 140 | 459 | 43 | 1989 | |
Oxford Tower, Warsaw | Warsaw | 140 | 459 | 40 | 1978 | |
West Tower | Liverpool | 140 | 459 | 40 | 2007 | |
Izmailovsky 1 [68] | Moskova | 140 | 459 | 37 | 2008 | |
Izmailovsky 2 [68] | Moskova | 140 | 459 | 37 | 2008 | |
Sabancı Center 2 | Istanbul | 140 | 459 | 34 | 1993 | |
Sisli Elit Residence [69] | Istanbul | 140 | 459 | 35 | 2000 | |
Uphill Court 1 | Istanbul | 140 | 459 | 33 | 2008 | |
Uphill Court 2 | Istanbul | 140 | 459 | 33 | 2008 | |
22 Marsh Wall East Tower | London | 140 | 459 | 44 | 2010 | |
Edificio Kronos[70] | Benidorm | 140 | 459 | 41 | 2008 | |
Sofaz Tower | Baku | 140 | 459 | 24 | 2015 | |
many lower buildings |
En Yüksek Binalar Kronolojisi
Bu tablo yıllarına göre şimdiye kadar Avrupa'nın en yüksek binalarını listelemektedir.
Name | City | Years as tallest | Metres | Feet | Floors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OKO: South Tower | Moskova | 2015– | 354.1 | 1,154 | 85 |
Mercury City Tower | Moskova | 2012–2014 | 338.8 | 1,112 | 75 |
The Shard | London | 2011-2012 | 309.6 | 1,004 | 87 |
City of Capitals | Moskova | 2009–2011 | 301.6 | 989 | 77 |
Naberezhnaya Tower C | Moskova | 2007–2009 | 268.4 | 881 | 59 |
Triumph-Palace | Moskova | 2005–2007 | 264.1 | 867 | 57 |
Commerzbank Tower | Frankfurt | 1997–2005 | 259 | 849 | 56 |
Messeturm | Frankfurt | 1990–1997 | 257 | 843 | 55 |
Moscow State University | Moskova | 1953–1990 | 240 | 787 | 42 |
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Building | Moskova | 1952–1953 | 176 | 577 | 32 |
Terrazza Martini Tower | Genoa | 1940–1952 | 108 | 354 | 31 |
Royal Liver Building | Liverpool | 1911–1940 | 98 | 322 | 13 |
Midland Grand Hotel | London | 1869–1911 | 82 | 263 | 9 |
Yapılması Planlanan Avrupa'nın En Yüksek Gökdelenleri
140 metre (459 ft).
İsim |
Şehir |
Metre |
Feet |
Kat |
---|---|---|---|---|
Azerbaijan Tower | Bakü | 1050 | 3445 | 189 |
Agaoglu Tower | İstanbul | 500 | 1640 | 125 |
Crystal Island | Moskova | 450 | 1476 | 102 |
Millenium Tower | Frankfurt | 369 | 1211 | 97 |
Hermitage Plaza | Paris | 323 | 1060 | 93 |
Tour Generali | Paris | 308 | 1011 | 56 |
Tour Phare | Paris | 300 | 984 | 68 |
Ipek Yolu | İstanbul | 300 | 984 | 68 |
Municipality Center | İstanbul | 299 | 988 | 67 |
Simpaş Bomonty Tower | İstanbul | 250 | 820 | 63 |
Zincirlikuyu Residence 1 | İstanbul | 204 | 669 | 50 |
Zincirlikuyu Residence 2 | İstanbul | 204 | 669 | 49 |
Doğuş GE GYO Tower | İstanbul | 200 | 656 | 47 |
Levent Tower | İstanbul | 200 | 656 | 40 |
Shanghai Tower | Liverpool | 200 | 656 | 60 |
Sisli Tower | İstanbul | 195 | 640 | 70 |
Regnum Tower | İstanbul | 180 | 591 | 38 |
King Edward Tower | Liverpool | 165 | 541 | 54 |
Renaissance Business Center | İstanbul | 152 | 499 | 36 |
Luxist Residence | İstanbul | 150 | 492 | 42 |
Perpa Trade Center 1 | İstanbul | 143 | 469 | 42 |
Perpa Trade Center 2 | İstanbul | 143 | 469 | 42 |
Perpa Trade Center 3 | İstanbul | 143 | 469 | 42 |
Perpa Trade Center 4 | İstanbul | 143 | 469 | 42 |
Ayrıca bakınız
Kaynaklar
- ↑ http://www.the-shard.com/shard/a-vertical-city/
- ↑ "Eurasia Tower". 11 Ocak 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20140111071502/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/moscow/eurasia/. Erişim tarihi: 11 March 2013.
- 1 2 "City of Capitals". Skyscrapercity.com. 13 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150713112316/http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?p=49721179. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ CTBUH. "CTBUH City of Capitals profile". 55.74794 37.53901: Buildingdb.ctbuh.org. 20 Şubat 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120220102752/http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/index.php?do=building&building_id=599. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ Triumph-Palace official site
- ↑ http://structurae.net/structures/commerzbank-tower (Radio antenna -300.25 m- is not part of the original designer of the building)
- ↑ CTBUH. "CTBUH City of Capitals profile". 55.74740 37.53852: Buildingdb.ctbuh.org. 20 Şubat 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120220102800/http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/index.php?do=building&building_id=1053. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ http://www.emporis.de/building/evolution-tower-moscow-russia
- ↑ http://www.emporis.com/building/oko-office-tower-moscow-russia
- ↑ "DC Towers Facts and Figures". DC Towers. 24 Aralık 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20131224170740/http://www.dctowers.at/content.php?page=5. Erişim tarihi: 2012-11-29.
- ↑ Official site
- ↑ Topped out in 2009, but still under construction
- ↑ "Sky Tower 1, Wrocław". PL /: Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=skytowera-wroclaw-poland. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Isozaki Tower". skyscrapercenter. 28 Nisan 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20150428062913/http://skyscrapercenter.com:80/building/il-dritto-allianz-tower/1295.
- ↑ http://www.emporis.com/building/batumi-technological-university-tower-batumi-georgia
- ↑ CTBUH: Anthill Residence 1
- ↑ CTBUH: Anthill Residence 2
- ↑ http://www.emporis.com/building/tricolor-1-moscow-russia
- ↑ http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/moscow/mirax-plaza-1/1893/
- ↑ CTBUH. "CTBUH: Antey-III". 56.83613 60.61449: Buildingdb.ctbuh.org. http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=building&building_id=1926. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Rondo 1-B, Warsaw". Warsaw /: Emporis.com. 6 Şubat 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070206185416/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=rondo1b-warsaw-poland. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ CTBUH: Continental
- ↑ CTBUH: Varyap Meridian 2 Block
- ↑ CTBUH: Vorobiovy Gory Tower II
- ↑ "Aliye Parusa 2". Moscow /: Emporis.com. 10 Şubat 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070210174721/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=aliyeparusa2-moscow-russia. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ CTBUH: Nordstar Tower
- ↑ http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/moscow/mirax-plaza-2/2907/
- ↑ "Swissotel Krasnye Holmy at SkyscraperPage". Skyscraperpage.com. 17 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151117020643/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=13581. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- 1 2 "Selenium Twins". Ascioglu.com. 17 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151117025750/http://www.ascioglu.com/?page_id=1078. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ CTBUH: Varyap Meridian 3 Block
- ↑ "Post Tower, Bonn". Bonn /: Emporis.com. 1 Mart 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20080301125316/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=posttower-bonn-germany. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "IZD Tower SkyscraperPage entry". Skyscraperpage.com. 17 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151117024721/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3999. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ Wellhouse at Leninsky Official site
- ↑ CTBUH. "Palazzo Lombardia at CTBUH". 45.48668 9.19650: Buildingdb.ctbuh.org. 20 Şubat 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120220103132/http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=building&building_id=2690. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ CTBUH: Vorobiovy Gory Tower I
- ↑ CTBUH: Vorobiovy Gory Tower III
- ↑ "Kudrinskaya Square". Moscow /: Emporis.com. 10 Şubat 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070210180626/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=kudrinskayasquare-moscow-russia. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ Official site
- ↑ "Torre Lugano". Benidorm /: Emporis.com. 2006-09-13. 24 Şubat 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070224161144/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=torrelugano-benidorm-spain. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "New Orleans, Rotterdam". Rotterdam /: Emporis.com. 14 Mart 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070314180822/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=neworleans-rotterdam-nestreetrlands. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- 1 2 3 "Süzer Plaza Ritz-Carlton, Istanbul on". Istanbul /: Emporis.com. 17 Mart 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20080317155832/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=suezerplazaritzcarlton-istanbul-turkey. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Polat Tower Residence, Istanbul on". Istanbul /: Emporis.com. 29 Nisan 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070429220140/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=polattowerresidence-istanbul-turkey. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Gebouw Delftse Poort 1". Rotterdam /: Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/ge/wm/bu/?id=gebouwdelftsepoort1-rotterdam-nestreetrlands. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ http://www.vice.com/it/read/vita-vera-grattacielo
- ↑ PRISMA, Gefest metal factory
- ↑ Prisma, Yekaterinburg at emporis.com
- ↑ "Gazprom building". Moscow /: Emporis.com. 1 Mart 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20080301125456/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=gazprom-moscow-russia. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- 1 2 3 Avenue 77, Glasgow at emporis.com
- 1 2 3 "Moscow". SkyscraperPage.com. 17 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20151117022524/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=14. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Hochhaus Neue Donau". Vienna /: Emporis.com. 20 Şubat 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070220003520/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=hochhausneuedonau-vienna-austria. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Rembrandt Towerat". Amsterdam /: Emporis.com. 16 Mart 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20080316190407/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=rembrandttower-amsterdam-nestreetrlands. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Köln Turm". Cologne /: Emporis.com. 2 Mart 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20080302105421/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=koelnturm-cologne-germany. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Sun Plaza, Istanbul on". Istanbul /: Emporis.com. 30 Eylül 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930191723/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=sunplaza-istanbul-turkey. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ Official site
- ↑ "Bouw ministeries bereikt hoogste punt - Nieuws - InOverheid.nl - Alles over werken bij de overheid". InOverheid.nl. 5 October 2011. 17 October 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20111017141511/http://www.inoverheid.nl/artikel/nieuws/2832732/bouw-ministeries-bereikt-hoogste-punt.html. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Hochhaus Uptown München". Munich /: Emporis.com. 29 Nisan 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070429155623/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=hochhausuptownmuenchen-munich-germany. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Tour CMA-CGM, Marseille". Marseille /: Emporis.com. 13 Mayıs 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070513231017/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=tourcgacgm-marseille-france. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Tour Finances / Financietoren". Brussels /: Emporis.com. 2005-01-01. 30 Eylül 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930163719/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=tourfinancesfinancietoren-brussels-belgium. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Dexia Tower". Brussels /: Emporis.com. 29 Eylül 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929222324/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=dexiatower-brussels-belgium. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Neguri Gane". Benidorm /: Emporis.com. 18 Mart 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070318162906/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=negurigane-benidorm-spain. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- 1 2 "TAT Towers, Istanbul on". Emporis.com. 9 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20060809183533/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/cx/?id=101437. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Warsaw Financial Center, Warsaw". Warsaw /: Emporis.com. 1998-10-13. 29 Şubat 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20080229030158/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=warsawfinancialcenter-warsaw-poland. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Milano – Solaria e Solea Porta Nuova — Urbanfile Italia". Urbanfile.it. 14 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20120314235425/http://www.urbanfile.it/index.asp?ID=3&SID=1145. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "City-Haus, Frankfurt". DE /: Emporis.com. 1973-08-22. 1 Mart 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20080301132955/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=cityhaus-frankfurt-germany. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Frankfurter Büro Center, Frakfurt". DE /: Emporis.com. 1 Mart 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20080301125724/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=frankfurterbuerocenter-frankfurt-germany. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Panorama Tower". Leipzig /: Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=cityhochhausleipzig-leipzig-germany. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Centrum LIM, Warsaw". Warsaw /: Emporis.com. 30 Eylül 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930082838/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=centrumlim-warsaw-poland. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- 1 2 Official site
- ↑ "Sisli Elit Residence, Istanbul". Istanbul /: Emporis.com. 19 Nisan 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20070419164655/http://www.emporis.com:80/en/wm/bu/?id=sislielitresidence-istanbul-turkey. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
- ↑ "Edificio Kronos". Benidorm /: Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=edificiokronos-benidorm-spain. Erişim tarihi: 2012-07-08.
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